使用cactus实现对servlet进行单元测试
步骤如下：
[1] 创建Web工程ServletTestDemo
在myeclipse中创建Web project,命名为ServletTestDemo
[2] 下载cactus-bin-1.8
从apache官方网站下载
[3] 导入cactus的相关包到项目的lib目录
导入后，/WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib目录结构如下所示：
|-- lib
| |-- cactus.core.framework.uberjar.javaEE.14-1.8.1.jar
| |-- cactus.integration.ant-1.8.1.jar
| |-- cactus.integration.shared.api-1.8.1.jar
| |-- commons-codec-1.4.jar
| |-- commons-httpclient-3.1.jar
| |-- commons-logging-1.1.jar
| |-- httpunit-1.6.jar
| `-- junit-3.8.2.jar
[4] 配置项目web.xml 重点
在项目web.xml中添加如下内容：
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>param1</param-name>
<param-value>value1 used for testing</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletTestRunner</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.runner.ServletTestRunner</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletTestRunner</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletTestRunner</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
[5] 创建Servlet
创建LoginServlet,代码如下：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public LoginServlet() {
super();
}
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out
.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC ""-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.print(" This is ");
out.print(this.getClass());
out.println(", using the GET method");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out
.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC ""-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.print(" This is ");
out.print(this.getClass());
out.println(", using the POST method");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return "This is my default servlet created by Eclipse";
}
public void init() throws ServletException {
}
public void saveSession(HttpServletRequest request)
{
String testparam = request.getParameter("testparam");
request.getSession().setAttribute("testAttribute", testparam);
}
}
[6] 修改项目web.xml,添加servlet映射
在web.xml中添加如下内容：
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
[7] 创建Servlet测试类
创建TestLoginServlet,代码如下：
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;
import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse;
public class TestLoginServlet extends ServletTestCase {
public TestLoginServlet(String theName) {
super(theName);
}
public static Test suite() {
return new TestSuite(TestLoginServlet.class);
}
public void beginSaveSessionOk(WebRequest webRequest) {
webRequest.addParameter("testparam", "it works!");
}
public void testSaveSessionOk() {
LoginServlet servlet = new LoginServlet();
servlet.saveSession(request);
assertEquals("it works!", session.getAttribute("testAttribute"));
}
public void endSaveSessionOk(WebResponse response) {
System.out.println("end save session ok");
}
public void beginDoGet(WebRequest webRequest) {
webRequest.addParameter("testparam", "it works!");
}
public void testDoGet() {
LoginServlet servlet = new LoginServlet();
try {
servlet.doGet(request, response);
} catch (ServletException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
[8] 复制测试结果报表样式
下载http://jakarta.apache.org/cactus/misc/cactus-report.xsl
复制cactus-report.xsl到项目的根目录。
在测试结果显示时需要此样式。
[9] 验证目录结构
执行完以上操作，目录结构如下图：
.
|-- src
| |-- LoginServlet.java
| `-- TestLoginServlet.java
`-- WebRoot
|-- cactus-report.xsl
|-- index.jsp
|-- META-INF
| `-- MANIFEST.MF
`-- WEB-INF
|-- cactus.properties---
|-- classes
| |-- LoginServlet.class
| `-- TestLoginServlet.class
|-- lib
| |-- cactus.core.framework.uberjar.javaEE.14-1.8.1.jar
| |-- cactus.integration.ant-1.8.1.jar
| |-- cactus.integration.shared.api-1.8.1.jar
| |-- commons-codec-1.4.jar
| |-- commons-httpclient-3.1.jar
| |-- commons-logging-1.1.jar
| |-- httpunit-1.6.jar
| `-- junit-3.8.2.jar
`-- web.xml
[10] 启动服务
[11] 执行测试
在浏览器地址栏，输入：
http://localhost:8080/ServletTestDemo/ServletTestRunner?suite=TestLoginServlet，回车，测试结果如下：
此测试结果是以
xml的形式显示。
如果结构以html报表的形式显示，可以输入如下地址：
回车，结果如下：
Unit Test Results
| Designed for use with Cactus. |
Summary
| Tests | Failures | Errors | Success rate | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 0.527 |
| Note: failures are anticipated and checked for with assertions whileerrors are unanticipated. |
TestCase TestLoginServlet
| Name | Status | Type | Time(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| testSaveSessionOk | Success | 0.516 | |
| testDoGet | Success | 0.010 |
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