部署YUM仓库及NFS共享服务
结构
部署YUM仓库服务
构建YUM软件仓库
使用YUM工具管理软件包
NFS共享存储服务
使用NFS发布共享资源
在客户端访问NFS共享
NFS客户端mount的挂载
YUM（Yellow dog Updater Modified）
借助YUM软件仓库，可以完成安装，卸载、总的升级rpm包等，能够自动查找并解决rpm
包之间的依赖关系，而无需管理逐个手工的去安装rpm包。是管理员维护大量的Linux服务器
本地构建以个源服务器，可以大大缓解软件安装升级等对Internet的依赖。
基于RPM包构建的软件更新机制
所有软件包由集中的YUM软件仓库提供
可以自动解决依赖关系
软件仓库的提供方式
FTP服务：ftp://
HTTP服务:http://
本地目录:file://
RPM软件包的来源
CentOS发布的RPM包集合
第三方组织发布的RPM包集合
用户自定义的RPM包集合（数据包依赖关系数据库）
打开telnet客户端
yum -y install net-tools 最小安装默认没有此工具
fps出现弹窗，说明三次握手成功
YUM的配置文件
基本设置：/etc/yum.comf
仓库设置:/etc/yum.repos.d/&.repo
日志文件：/var/log/yum.log
createrepos -v #自动生成依赖关系
查询软件包
yum list [文件名]
yum info [文件名]
yum search <关键词>
查询软件包组
yum grouplist [软件名]
yum groupinfo <包组名>
升级
yum update
yum groupupdate
[root@localhost~]# yum -y install net-snmp
[root@localhost~]# yum -y groupinstall gnome-desktop
[root@localhost~]# yum -y update # -y表示自动确定
卸载软件
yum remove [软件名]
yum groupremove <包组名>
/var/cache/yum 缓存所在目录
####搭建本地YUM仓库#####
##环境准备##
1、配置IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
BOOTPROTO=static ##修改
ONBOOT=yes ##修改
IPADDR=192.168.179.20 ##新增
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ##新增
GATEWAY=192.168。179.2 ##新增
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network ###重启网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ##确认更改的IP地址是否生效
2、挂光盘
虚拟机中-设置-硬件-CD/DVD-设备状态（已连接和启动时连接勾选）-使用ISO文件要选中地址-确定
Centos设置 挂光盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
永久挂载
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab ###下面配置参数是新增
/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
3、关防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service ##临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service ##重启永久关闭
4、关核心防护
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 ##临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux ##重启永久关闭
SELINUX=disabled ##更改
5、重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# init 6
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
rh
[root@localhost opt]# cd /etc
[root@localhost etc]# cd yum
yum/ yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost etc]# cd yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Me
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
backup CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo C
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
backup local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 36G 4.7G 32G 13% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 9.2M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 297M 157M 141M 53% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 4.0K 378M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 44K 378M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr1 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/richard/CentOS 7 x86_64
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/fstab
#添加永久挂载 /dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: local
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): local/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): local/filelists_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): local/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos local 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 local 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 local 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos local 87 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 local 31 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 93 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
#####
####搭建线网YUM仓库#####
服务端：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/ftp/
[root@localhost ftp]# mkdir -p /var/ftp/centos7
[root@localhost ftp]# cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7/
[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start vsftpdf
Failed to start vsftpdf.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
[root@localhost ftp]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ftp]# 客户端：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=ftp://192.168.179.20/centos7
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): local/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
dhcp x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos local 513 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 513 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 513 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 搭建在线YUM
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2023-03-10 02:04:18-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 222.186.149.91, 222.186.149.105, 222.186.149.90, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|222.186.149.91|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
100%[==============================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s in 0.001s
2023-03-10 02:04:18 (1.86 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
backup CentOS-Base.repo local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv local.repo backup/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
backup CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
base/7/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/6d0c3a488c282fe537794b5946b01e28c7f44db79097bb06826e1c0c88bad5ef-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Name or service not known"
Trying other mirror.
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 276 kB 00:00:00
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 149 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:04
(5/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 11 MB 00:00:15
extras/7/x86_64/primary_db FAILED 0:38 ETA
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/511a574b4c3f907f9acfe5603566958fb6f09137292c5cd5d5d57c298864790f-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db FAILED
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/d6d94c7d406fe7ad4902a97104b39a0d8299451832a97f31d71653ba982c955b-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(6/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/bc8950506fb13622afd9eb93c811884b6e2e7570afd5fac946f708ac01ae0cff-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:07
updates/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED 0:15 ETA
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/33c5109226f2c5e469c8519c6102af5a7fe9fa4064ef8621e296da454197f370-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:01
(9/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:08
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 20 MB 00:00:24
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 updates 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 updates 94 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00
Public key for httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00
(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 315 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:09
Retrieving key from http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
From : http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ###上述服务端的yum仓库是有依赖关系的，如果没有依赖关系，如何解决呢？###
##登录服务端 192.168.100.31##
[root@localhost centos7]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/
[root@localhost centos7]# rm -rf * ####线网 中 这是高危命令，不要乱敲###
#Xftp上传rpm软件包#这边用第三方的rpm包源 没有依赖关系
登录192.168.100.31 进入/var/ftp/centos7/ 的目录上传第三方 yum 源。没有repodata ，接下来解决依赖关系
##解决依赖关系，生成软件包关系####repodata
rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm ###如果没装createrepo 安装createrepo##
解决依赖关系要先装deltarpm-3.5-* python-deltarpm-3.5* ###
[root@localhost centos7]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/
[root@localhost centos7]# createrepo -v ./ #####自动生成依赖关系，这个在那个目录。
实验如下：
服务机：
[root@localhost ftp]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/
[root@localhost centos7]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost centos7]# ls客户机：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos local 2.7 M
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 2.7 M
Installed size: 9.4 M
Downloading packages:
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED
ftp://192.168.179.20/centos7/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] FTP Error 550 - Server denied you to change to the given directory
Trying other mirror.
Error downloading packages:
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
#####问题解决方案 ，如果vsftp有问题。刷下面配置参数####
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ####编辑vsftpd.conf
##############清空里面内容，刷下面脚本这是开启匿名访问的#######
anonymous_enable=YES
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#anon_other_write_enable=YES
anon_umask=022
local_enable=YES
local_max_rate=102400
chroot_local_user=yes
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
#######################vsftp服务开启和查看状态###############################
[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl status vsftpd
#######################在连接虚拟机，使用ftp工具登录#######
在另外一台装ftp 客户端测试下
rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/ftp-*
输入IP地址：192.168.32.11 （这是虚拟机服务器的IP地址）
账号：ftp
密码：空的 #密码不要输入
#进去后，做相关的下载、删除测试。
#################设置客户端######
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
ls
vi local.repo
####
[yum]
name=centos6
baseurl=ftp://192.168.32.187/centos7
enabled=1 ##0 不开启
gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证
[yum]
name=docker
baseurl=ftp://192.168.32.187/docker
enabled=1 ##0 不开启
gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证
####
在yum.repos.d 中有些不用的yum文件，个人建议放到其他目录中
在里面新建个backup文件，其他的文件都移到这个文件夹中
####
####
设置本地文件源yum
####
[yum]
name=centos
baseurl=file:///mnt ###这边也可以写成file:/mnt
enabled=1 ##0 不开启
gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证
[Local]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
Network File System 网络文件系统
依赖于RPC（远程过程调用）
系统服务:nfs/rpcbind
1. 安装nfs-utils、rpcbind软件包
2. 设置共享目录
NFS服务：
2台
一台服务器:nfs-utils rpcbind
vi /etc/exports
/opt/share 20.0.0.0/24(ro,sync)
/opt/share1 20.0.0.54(rw,sync)
一台客户机：mount
yum -y install nfs-utils
systemctl start rpcbind//先启动
systemctl start nfs//后启动
mount 20.0.0.55:/opt/share /opt/share
mount 20.0.0.55:/opt/share1 /opt/share1
#####关于读写权限#######
一个是配置文件（vi /etc/exports (rw,sync)）
一个是文件目录权限 （参考所用程序账户来决定）
环境准备、配置服务端
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 12310.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 201 M RSS (1.5 GB VSZ)
Started: Fri Mar 10 02:21:28 2023 - 03:38 ago
State : Sleeping, pid: 12310
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 201 M RSS (1.5 GB VSZ)
Started: Fri Mar 10 02:21:28 2023 - 03:40 ago
State : Sleeping, pid: 12310
^C
Exiting on user cancel.
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Updating:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total size: 473 k
Total download size: 413 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for updates
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm is not installed
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm | 413 kB 00:00:00
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 1/4
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 4/4
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/exports
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:880 0.0.0.0:* 14698/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 14698/rpcbind
udp6 0 0 :::880 :::* 14698/rpcbind
udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* 14698/rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/pub
[root@localhost ~]# chown nfsnobody /opt/pub/
配置客户端：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Updating:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total size: 473 k
Total download size: 413 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for updates
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm is not installed
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm | 413 kB 00:00:00
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 1/4
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 4/4
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): local/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
dhcp x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos local 513 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 513 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 513 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:11:22.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$
Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Thu Mar 9 18:19:08 2023
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils.x86_64 rpcbind.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Updating:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total size: 473 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 1/4
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 4/4
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.179.20
Export list for 192.168.179.20:
/usr/share 192.168.179.0/24
/opt/pub 192.168.179.21
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.179.20:/usr/share /media
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec local sbin share src tmp
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 38G 4.7G 34G 13% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 9.1M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 297M 157M 141M 53% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 8.0K 183M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 32K 183M 1% /run/user/1000
192.168.179.20:/usr/share nfs4 36G 4.7G 32G 13% /media
[root@localhost ~]# cd /srv
[root@localhost srv]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
[root@localhost srv]# ls
1.txt
[root@localhost srv]#
Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:24:23.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$
Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Thu Mar 9 18:19:08 2023
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Updating:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total size: 473 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 1/4
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 4/4
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl s
set-default show start suspend
set-environment show-environment status switch-root
set-property snapshot stop
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.179.20
Export list for 192.168.179.20:
/usr/share 192.168.179.0/24
/opt/pub 192.168.179.21
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.179.20:/usr/share /media/
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 38G 4.7G 34G 13% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 9.1M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 297M 157M 141M 53% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 8.0K 183M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 28K 183M 1% /run/user/1000
192.168.179.20:/usr/share nfs4 36G 4.4G 32G 13% /media
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# init 6 #重启
Connection closing...Socket close.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:29:49.在客户端写入：
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$
Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Fri Mar 10 02:24:53 2023 from 192.168.179.1
[root@localhost ~]# cd /srv
[root@localhost srv]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
[root@localhost srv]# ls
1.txt
[root@localhost srv]#
服务端查看：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/pub/
[root@localhost pub]# ls
1.txt
[root@localhost pub]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Mar 10 02:30 1.txt
[root@localhost pub]#
####搭建NFS共享服务###
##环境准备##
1、准备2台centos服务器
192.168.100.31 ###服务端
192.168.100.32 ###客户端
##配置服务端192.168.100.31 ##
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
vi /etc/exports
/usr/share 192.168.100.0/24(ro,sync)
/opt/pub 192.168.100.32(rw,sync)
systemctl start rpcbind //先启动
systemctl start nfs //后启动
netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind //UDP 111端口在监听
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/pub
chown nfsnobody /opt/pub/
##配置客户端192.168.100.32 ##
------------以下在客户端操作---------
yum install nfs-utils
systemctl start rpcbind //先启动
systemctl start nfs //后启动
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.31
Export list for 192.168.100.31:
/usr/share 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/pub 192.168.100.32
mount 192.168.100.31:/usr/share /media/
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 3.6G 47G 8% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 245G 33M 245G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 32K 378M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
192.168.100.31:/usr/share nfs4 50G 3.9G 47G 8% /media
##配置服务端192.168.100.32 ##
--------以下实现自动挂载----------
vi /etc/fstab
192.168.100.31:/opt/pub /srv nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
init 6 ###重启
##验证在192.168.100.32##
[root@localhost ~]# cd /srv/
[root@localhost srv]# ll
总用量 0
[root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
[root@localhost srv]# vi 1.txt
##验证在192.168.100.31##
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/pub/
[root@localhost pub]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 11 1月 2 08:25 1.txt ####能写功能正常/opt/pub 192.168.100.32(rw,sync) 生效##
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