（k8s)kubernetes 使用 Ceph RBD 作为后端存储（静态供给、动态供给）

一、K8s 使用 Ceph RBD

Ceph RBD（Rados Block Device）是 Ceph 存储集群中的一个重要组件，它提供了块级别的存储访问。RBD 允许用户创建虚拟块设备，并将其映射到客户端系统中，就像本地磁盘一样使用。

首先所有 k8s 节点都需要安装 ceph-common 工具：

yum -y install epel-release ceph-common

二、静态供给方式

静态供给方式需要提前创建好 RBD Image 给到 K8s 使用。

2.1 在 Ceph 中创建 RBD Image 和 授权用户

RBD 需要绑定一个存储池，创建一个名为 rbd-static-pool 的存储池：

ceph osd pool create rbd-static-pool 8

指定存储池的特性为 RBD，并初始化该存储池给 RBD 使用：

# 指定类型
ceph osd pool application enable rbd-static-pool rbd
# 初始化
rbd pool init -p rbd-static-pool

创建 RBD Image：

# 创建
rbd create rbd-static-volume -s 5G -p rbd-static-pool
# 关闭特征 ，格式 {pool name}/{image name}
rbd feature disable rbd-static-pool/rbd-static-volume object-map fast-diff deep-flatten

创建用户 rbd-static-user 并授权存储池 rbd-static-pool

ceph auth get-or-create client.rbd-static-user mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=rbd-static-pool' -o ceph.client.rbd-static-user.keyring

查看 rbd-static-user 用户的秘钥：

ceph auth get-key client.rbd-static-user

2.2 k8s 创建 secret 配置上面的 key

export RBD_STATIC_USER_SECRET='AQA1xyBmIxD/LxAAByBhiw68kiiWKclYyjfU8A=='

kubectl create secret generic rbd-static-user-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$RBD_STATIC_USER_SECRET \
--namespace=default

2.3 pod 直接使用 RBD 存储

vi rbd-test-pod.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: rbd-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    volumeMounts:
    - name: data-volume
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/
  volumes:
  - name: data-volume
    rbd:
      monitors: ["11.0.1.140:6789"]
      pool: rbd-static-pool
      image: rbd-static-volume
      user: rbd-static-user
      secretRef:
        name: rbd-static-user-secret
      fsType: ext4

kubectl apply -f rbd-test-pod.yml

查看 pod ：

kubectl get pods

可以进到 pod 中查看磁盘情况：

kubectl exec -it rbd-test-pod -- /bin/bash

lsblk

2.4 创建 PV 使用 RBD 存储

vi rbd-test-pv.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: rbd-test-pv
spec:
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  rbd:
    monitors: ["11.0.1.140:6789"]
    pool: rbd-static-pool
    image: rbd-static-volume
    user: rbd-static-user
    secretRef:
      name: rbd-static-user-secret
    fsType: ext4

kubectl apply -f rbd-test-pv.yml

创建 PVC 绑定 PV ：

vi rbd-test-pvc.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: rbd-test-pvc
spec:
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi

kubectl apply -f rbd-test-pvc.yml

查看 pvc 和 pv ：

kubectl get pvc

kubectl get pv

测试 pod 挂载 pvc：

vi rbd-test-pod1.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: rbd-test-pod1
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    volumeMounts:
    - name: data-volume
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/
  volumes:
  - name: data-volume
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: rbd-test-pvc
      readOnly: false

kubectl apply -f rbd-test-pod1.yml

查看 pod ：

kubectl get pods

三、动态供给方式

使用动态存储时 controller-manager 需要使用 rbd 命令创建 image，但是官方controller-manager镜像里没有rbd命令，所以在开始前需要安装 rbd-provisioner 插件：

vi external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["kube-dns"]
    verbs: ["list", "get"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: rbd-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: rbd-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: rbd-provisioner
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: rbd-provisioner
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: rbd-provisioner
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: rbd-provisioner
        image: "registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/ives/rbd-provisioner:v2.0.0-k8s1.11"
        env:
        - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
          value: ceph.com/rbd
      serviceAccount: rbd-provisioner

kubectl apply -f external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yml

查看 pod：

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

3.1 在 ceph 创建存储池 和 授权用户

由于 k8s 会自动创建 rbd 这就仅仅创建存储池即可：

ceph osd pool create dynamics-pool 8

创建 k8s 访问用户

ceph auth get-or-create client.dynamics-user mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=dynamics-pool' -o ceph.client.dynamics-user.keyring

查看 dynamics-user 的秘钥：

ceph auth get-key client.dynamics-user

k8s 动态供给还需要 admin 用户的秘钥：

ceph auth get-key client.admin

3.2 在 k8s 中创建 secret

export ADMIN_USER_SECRET='AQDdUB9mcTI3LRAAOBpt3e7AH5v9fiMtHKQpqA=='

kubectl create secret generic ceph-admin-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$ADMIN_USER_SECRET \
--namespace=kube-system


export DYNAMICS_USER_SECRET='AQAtuyBmi3w6AhAADEU3mKkFRSqDyRLs46aSXA=='

kubectl create secret generic ceph-dynamics-user-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$DYNAMICS_USER_SECRET \
--namespace=default

3.3 创建 StorageClass

vi ceph-sc.yml

kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: dynamic-ceph-rdb
provisioner: ceph.com/rbd
parameters:
  monitors: 11.0.1.140:6789
  adminId: admin
  adminSecretName: ceph-admin-secret
  adminSecretNamespace: kube-system
  pool: dynamics-pool
  userId: dynamics-user
  userSecretName: ceph-dynamics-user-secret
  fsType: ext4
  imageFormat: "2"
  imageFeatures: "layering"

kubectl apply -f ceph-sc.yml

查看 SC：

kubectl get sc

3.4 测试创建 PVC

vi test-pvc.yml

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: rbd-pvc1
spec:
  accessModes:     
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: dynamic-ceph-rdb
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi

kubectl apply -f test-pvc.yml

查看 pvc：

kubectl get pvc

创建 pod 使用上面 pvc ：

vi rbd-test-pod2.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: rbd-test-pod2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    volumeMounts:
    - name: data-volume
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/
  volumes:
  - name: data-volume
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: rbd-pvc1
      readOnly: false

kubectl apply -f rbd-test-pod2.yml

查看 pod ：

kubectl get pods

3.5 测试使用 volumeClaimTemplates 动态创建 pv 和 pvc

vi mysql.yml

# headless service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-hl
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-hl
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: mysql-port
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql

---
# NodePort service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-np
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-np
spec:
  clusterIP: 
  ports:
  - name: master-port
    port: 3306
    nodePort: 31306
    targetPort: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql
  type: NodePort
  target-port:
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster 
  
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  serviceName: "mysql-hl"
  replicas: 1
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:8.0.20
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: master-port
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: "root"
        - name: TZ
          value: "Asia/Shanghai"
        volumeMounts:                           
        - name: mysql-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql 
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: mysql-data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        storageClassName: dynamic-ceph-rdb
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 2Gi

kubectl apply -f mysql.yml

查看 pod ：

查看 pvc ：

查看 pv：