Swift 实例演示 Operation 的用法

前言

本文代码虽是手动code了一遍并小小做了改动，但是终究是在他人demo的基础上编排出的，即便是个比较简单的例子，但是这个..那个..为了尊重别人劳动成果，还是分类到了转载，这里特别感谢一下@非典型技术宅老兄的原文，想必大家都听腻了太多的多线程的概念理论，本文不大书理论，用实例讲述 Operation Queues 的用法，就是这么任性！

先看一下operation的属性、方法

并行执行任务，全部完成后刷新UI

需求：

1.分线程下载图片并显示

2.下载过程中显示loading

3.全部下载完成后停止loading

代码：

let imgW = Int(UIScreen.main.bounds.width - 20)
    
    let imgH = Int((UIScreen.main.bounds.height - 80)/4)
    
    @IBOutlet weak var indicator: UIActivityIndicatorView!
    
    @IBOutlet weak var img1: UIImageView!
    
    @IBOutlet weak var img2: UIImageView!
    
    @IBOutlet weak var img3: UIImageView!
    
    @IBOutlet weak var img4: UIImageView!
    
    let operationQueue = OperationQueue()
    
    var imageViews: [UIImageView]?
    
    var operationType: OperationType?
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        imageViews = [img1, img2, img3, img4]
    }
    
    // actions
    @IBAction func rightItemAction(_ sender: Any) {
        indicator.startAnimating()
        startBasicDemo()
    }

    func startBasicDemo() {
        // 最大并行数 3
        operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 3
        // 添加任务下载图片  在主线程刷新UI
        for imageView in imageViews! {
            operationQueue.addOperation {
                if let url = URL(string: "https://placebeard.it/\(self.imgW)/\(self.imgH)") {
                    do {
                        let image = UIImage(data:try Data(contentsOf: url))
                        DispatchQueue.main.async {
                            imageView.image = image
                        }
                    } catch {
                        print(error)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // 等待所有操作完成,回到主线程停止刷新器
        DispatchQueue.global().async {
            [weak self] in
            self?.operationQueue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                self?.indicator.stopAnimating()
            }
        }
    }

解析：

operationQueue：操作队列

operationQueue.addOperation：向队列中添加任务(例子中放在for循环中，添加了多个任务)

do{} catch{}：执行任务，捕获异常

DispatchQueue.global().async：全局队列异步执行

DispatchQueue.main.async：主队列异步执行

设置队列中的优先级并执行异步任务

需求：

1.分线程下载图片并显示

2.下载过程中显示loading

3.全部下载完成后停止loading

4.设置每个任务的优先级

代码：

class ConvenienceOperation: Operation {
    let url: URL
    let imageView: UIImageView
    
    init(setImageView: UIImageView, withURL: URL) {
        imageView = setImageView
        url = withURL
        super.init()
    }
    
    override func main() {
        do {
            // 当任务被取消的时候，立刻返回
            if isCancelled {
                return
            }
            let imageData = try Data(contentsOf: url)
            let image = UIImage(data: imageData)
            
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                [weak self] in
                self?.imageView.image = image
            }
        } catch  {
            print(error)
        }
    }
}

func startDependencyDemo() {
        operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 4
        if let url = URL(string: "https://placebeard.it/\(self.imgW)/\(self.imgH)") {
            let operation1 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img1, withURL: url)
            let operation2 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img2, withURL: url)
            let operation3 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img3, withURL: url)
            let operation4 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img4, withURL: url)
            // 设置依赖关系 执行顺序为 4，3，2，1
            operation1.addDependency(operation2)
            operation2.addDependency(operation3)
            operation3.addDependency(operation4)
            
            // 等待所有操作完成,回到主线程停止刷新器。
            DispatchQueue.global().async {
                [weak self] in
                self?.operationQueue.addOperations([operation1, operation2, operation3, operation4], waitUntilFinished: true)
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self?.indicator.stopAnimating()
                }
            }
        }
    }

解析：

queuConverienceOperation：封装下载图片的任务

queuePriority：任务的优先级（有高到低依次为：veryHigh、high、normal、low、veryLow），这里的优先级值得是对某一任务分配资源的优先级，由于这里设置的

maxConcurrentOperationCount（最大并行数）为2，并且任务放在异步队列里，所以看上去任务并没有按从高到低的顺序执行，如果想实现按顺序执行任务，只需将并行数设置为1，或者对任务设置依赖关系，下文会讲解到。

为队列中的任务设置依赖并异步执行任务

需求：

1.分线程下载图片并显示

2.下载过程中显示loading

3.全部下载完成后停止loading

4.任务间添加依赖关系

代码：

func startDependencyDemo() {
        operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 4
        if let url = URL(string: "https://placebeard.it/\(self.imgW)/\(self.imgH)") {
            let operation1 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img1, withURL: url)
            let operation2 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img2, withURL: url)
            let operation3 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img3, withURL: url)
            let operation4 = ConvenienceOperation(setImageView: img4, withURL: url)
            // 设置依赖关系 执行顺序为 4，3，2，1
            operation1.addDependency(operation2)
            operation2.addDependency(operation3)
            operation3.addDependency(operation4)
            
            // 等待所有操作完成,回到主线程停止刷新器。
            DispatchQueue.global().async {
                [weak self] in
                self?.operationQueue.addOperations([operation1, operation2, operation3, operation4], waitUntilFinished: true)
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self?.indicator.stopAnimating()
                }
            }
        }
    }

解析：

operation1.addDependency(operation2)：operation1依赖operation2，既任务2完成后再执行任务1。