LNMP架构介绍及部署实践

一、架构原理介绍

（1）LNMP=Linux+nginx+mysql+PHP

（2）工作原理

   

首先，浏览器发送http request请求到服务器（nginx）,服务器响应并处理web请求，将一些静态资源（css,图

片，视频等）保存服务器上，然后将php脚本通过接口传输协议（网关协议）PHP-FCGI(fast-cgi)传输给PHP-

FPM（进程管理程序），PHP-FPM不做处理，然后PHP-FPM调用PHP解析器进程，PHP解析器解析php脚本信息。PHP

解析器进程可以启动多个，进行并发执行。然后将解析后的脚本返回PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通过fast-cgi的形式及

那个脚本信息传送给nginx,服务器再通过Http response的形式传送给浏览器。浏览器在进行解析与渲染然后进

行呈现。

（3）环境规划

   

主机名	IP	角色
php	192.168.142.199	php脚本程序解析
nginx	192.168.142.141	web服务器
mysql	192.168.142.44	数据库节点

（4）节点处理

        ①、处理防火墙

    

[root@nginx sbin]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@nginx sbin]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@nginx sbin]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@nginx sbin]# setenforce 0
 
三台机子上都需要处理

         ②、时间同步

[root@nginx ]# yum install ntpdate -y
[root@nginx ]# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
[root@nginx ]# hwclock --systohc

三台机子都需要处理

        ③、修改主机名

  

[root@nginx ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx
[root@nginx ~]# su -l
Last login: Sun Jul  5 16:00:20 CST 2020 from 192.168.142.1 on pts/0

三台机子都需要处理

（5）程序安装

       ①、mysql程序安装

           见博客

       ②、nginx程序安装

            见博客

       ③、php程序安装

            下载并解压软件包

 

[root@php ~]# wget http://php.net/distributions/php-7.2.0.tar.gz

[root@php ~]# tar xf php-7.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

            安装依赖

 

[root@php ~]#  yum install -y gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel perl perl-devel make -y
[root@php ~]#  wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
[root@php ~]# yum -y install gd-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt-devel mhash
[root@php ~]# tar zxf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
[root@php ~]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.7
[root@php libmcrypt-2.5.7]# ./configure
[root@php libmcrypt-2.5.7]# make && make install
[root@php libmcrypt-2.5.7]#  echo $?


[root@php ~]# yum -y install gd-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel libiconv-devel freetype freetype-d autoconf
[root@php ~]# rpm -e libcurl-7.29.0-42.e17.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@php ~]# wget https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.56.0.tar.gz
[root@php ~]# tar zxf curl-7.56.0.tar.gz
[root@php ~]# cd curl-7.56.0
[root@php curl-7.56.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl --with-ssl --with-zlib
[root@php curl-7.56.0]# make && make install

         编译安装PHP

[root@php ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/
[root@localhost php-7.2.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
>     --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \
>     --with-curl=/usr/local/curl \
>     --disable-ipv6 \
>     --with-pdo-mysql \
>     --with-openssl \
>     --with-openssl-dir \
>     --with-pcre-regex \
>     --with-kerberos \
>     --with-libdir=lib \
>     --with-libxml-dir \
>     --with-mysqli=shared,mysqlnd \
>     --with-pdo-mysql=shared,mysqlnd \
>     --with-pdo-sqlite \
>     --with-gd \
>     --with-iconv \
>     --with-zlib \
>     --with-xmlrpc \
>     --with-xsl \
>     --with-pear \
>     --with-gettext \
>     --with-png-dir \
>     --with-jpeg-dir \
>     --with-freetype-dir \
>     --with-mcrypt \
>     --with-mhash \
>     --enable-json \
>     --enable-mbstring \
>     --enable-pdo \
>     --enable-mysqlnd \
>     --enable-zip \
>     --enable-inline-optimization \
>     --enable-shared \
>     --enable-libxml \
>     --enable-xml \
>     --enable-bcmath \
>     --enable-shmop \
>     --enable-sysvsem \
>     --enable-mbregex \
>     --enable-ftp \
>     --enable-gd-native-ttf \
>     --enable-pcntl \
>     --enable-sockets \
>     --enable-soap \
>     --enable-session \
>     --enable-opcache \
>     --enable-fpm \
>     --enable-maintainer-zts \
>     --enable-fileinfo \
>     --enable-gd-jis-conv \
>     --with-zlib-dir
[root@php php-7.2.0]# make
[root@php php-7.2.0]# make install

      ④、LNMP环境配置与测试

           《1》PHP配置

                 配置启动项

                    

[root@php ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/
[root@php php-7.2.0]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
[root@php php-7.2.0]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@php php-7.2.0]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/sapi/fpm/
[root@php fpm]# cp -p init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@php fpm]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@php init.d]# chmod +x php-fpm
[root@php init.d]# chkconfig php-fpm on
[root@php init.d]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:/usr/local/php7/sbin:$PATH
[root@php init.d]# source /etc/profile
[root@php init.d]# php -v
PHP 7.2.0 (cli) (built: Jul  2 2020 12:00:00) ( ZTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies

            配置php-fpm模块

[root@php init.d]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
[root@php etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@php etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@php php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@php ~]# useradd nginx

[root@php php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8


[root@php php-fpm.d]# cat /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf | grep -iv "^\;"
[www]


user = nginx
group = nginx

listen = 0.0.0.0:9000


listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx



pm = dynamic

pm.max_children = 5

pm.start_servers = 2

pm.min_spare_servers = 1

pm.max_spare_servers = 3

          启动

[root@php sbin]# cd
[root@php ~]# cd /usr/local/php7/sbin/
[root@php sbin]# ./php-fpm
[root@php sbin]# ps -ef | grep php
root       7442      1  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx      7443   7442  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      7444   7442  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      7445   7442  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      7446   7442  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      7447   7442  0 17:00 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root       7449   7054  0 17:00 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto php

       《2》nginx配置

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
error_log  logs/error.log;    #取消错误日志的注释
#启用这几行
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"';

server {
    listen       80;    #监听80端口
    server_name  192.168.142.141;

    charset koi8-r;
    access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
            root   /www;         #存放网页路径
            index  index.html index.htm;
            }


    location ~ \.php$ {
            root           /www;
            fastcgi_pass   192.168.142.199:9000;     #php服务器的ip
            fastcgi_index  index.php ;              #和访问文件名相同
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    }
}

       修改完配置，重启服务

[root@nginx ~]# cd /opt/data/nginx/sbin/
[root@nginx sbin]# ./nginx
[root@nginx sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root       7245      1  0 17:02 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nginx      7246   7245  0 17:02 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       7248   7171  0 17:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

        编辑测试网页

[root@php ~]#  mkdir /www
[root@php ~]# chown -R nginx:nginx /www
[root@php ~]# cat /www/index.php
<?php
phpinfo()
?>

      在浏览器上测试：

   《3》 mysql配置

mysql> create user 'superadmin'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'CHUYE123@chuye';
mysql> create database memcacge;

   《4》安装PHP-mysql链接模块

 

[root@php ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/ext/mysqli/
[root@php mysqli]# /usr/local/php7/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20170718
Zend Module Api No:      20170718
Zend Extension Api No:   320170718
[root@php mysqli]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config --enable-embedded-mysqli=shared ---enable-shared
[root@php mysqli]# make && make install


[root@php mysqli]# cd /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20170718/
[root@php no-debug-zts-20170718]# ls
mysqli.a  mysqli.so  opcache.a  opcache.so  pdo_mysql.a  pdo_mysql.so
[root@php no-debug-zts-20170718]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/ext/pdo_mysql/
[root@php pdo_mysql]# /usr/local/php7/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20170718
Zend Module Api No:      20170718
Zend Extension Api No:   320170718
[root@php pdo_mysql]#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
[root@php pdo_mysql]#make && make install

    添加模块

[root@php pdo_mysql]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.0/
[root@php php-7.2.0]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
[root@php etc]# vim php.ini
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20170718"
extension = mysqli.so
extension = pdo_mysql.so
[root@php etc]# service php-fpm restart
[root@php etc]# ps -ef | grep php
root       8085      1  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx      8086   8085  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      8087   8085  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      8088   8085  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      8089   8085  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      8090   8085  0 17:31 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root       8092   7054  0 17:31 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto php

编辑mysql测试网页

  

[root@php etc]# cat /www/index1.php
<?php
$con = new mysqli('192.168.142.44','superadmin','CHUYE123@chuye','memcacher');
if(!$con)
    echo "faling...";
else
    echo "success connect mysql\n";
?>

   在浏览器上测试：

 

至此，LNMP搭建成功