Linux系统C语言实现 根据进程号/进程名获取进程的运行时间

 

正则表达式的脚本代码地址:https://github.com/Rtoax/test/tree/master/regular-expression/ps-time

C语言完整代码:https://github.com/Rtoax/test/blob/master/regular-expression/ps-time/getprocessruntime-regex.c

 

问题描述

首先我们使用ps指令的功能:

ps -eo pid,etime,cmd | grep [pname] | grep [pid] | awk '{print $2}'

如下图,我们获得的结果像下面这样

143477    04:19:27 [kworker/0:0]
180337    02:00:10 vpp
181973       39:47 pickup -l -t unix -u
182845       02:15 [kworker/1:2]
182855       00:00 ps -eo pid,etime,cmd
197064 27-08:19:50 /usr/sbin/crond -n
197218 27-08:19:04 /sbin/auditd

通过使用awk过滤掉多余的信息后,发现,时间格式如下:

39:47        分钟:秒
02:00:10    小时:分钟:秒
27-08:19:50    天:小时:分钟:秒

解决方案

正则表达式的脚本代码地址:https://github.com/Rtoax/test/tree/master/regular-expression/ps-time

怎么解呢,没错,当然是正则表达式,于是我写了一个格式的文件如下

[root@localhost ps-time]# cat time.txt 
0-12:14:40
1-0:1:0
1-0:13:00
1-00:1:00
1-02:13:00
12-02:12:55
2-02:12:55
1234-2:12:55

1:0:1
2:13:00
12:3:00
1:1:19
02:13:00

0:0
11:1
1:12
59:59

脚本呢,如下:

#!/bin/bash


# 匹配 00:00 类字符串
echo ">> 匹配 00:00 类字符串"
cat time.txt | egrep "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)){1,1}$"

# 匹配 00:00:00 类字符串
echo ">> 匹配 00:00:00 类字符串"
cat time.txt | egrep "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)$"

# 匹配 00-00:00:00 类字符串
echo ">> 匹配 00-00:00:00 类字符串"
cat time.txt | egrep "^([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\-(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}[0-9]\\w+$"

运行结果如下:

[root@localhost ps-time]# sh regex.sh 
>> 匹配 00:00 类字符串
0:0
11:1
1:12
59:59
>> 匹配 00:00:00 类字符串
1:0:1
2:13:00
12:3:00
1:1:19
02:13:00
>> 匹配 00-00:00:00 类字符串
0-12:14:40
1-0:13:00
1-00:1:00
1-02:13:00
12-02:12:55
2-02:12:55
1234-2:12:55

可以说匹配完全正确。

 

C语言实现思路

下面就可以说手编写C语言代码了,定义结构和枚举

struct timerun {
    int tm_sec;
    int tm_min;
    int tm_hour;
    int tm_day;
    int tm_year;
};

typedef enum {
    __TIME_PATTERN_MS = 0,        //00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_HMS = 1,       //00:00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_DHMS = 2,      //00-00:00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_NOTMATCH = 3,  //不匹配
}__TIME_PATTERN;

定义一个正则表达式的pattern结构

static const char * const time_regex_pattern[] = {
    "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)){1,1}$",   //00:00
    "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)$",   //00:00:00
    "^([0-9]|([0-9]\\w+))\\-(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}[0-9]\\w+$",   //00-00:00:00
};

如何解析这个时间结构呢,我采用struct tm结构解析,当然使用strptime函数解析。

上文提到的,这三种字符串

39:47        分钟:秒
02:00:10    小时:分钟:秒
27-08:19:50    天:小时:分钟:秒

若采用strptime解析的话,需要对应的字符串匹配,我将其定义为:

static const char * const time_strptime_pattern[] = {
    "%M:%S",    //00:00
    "%H:%M:%S", //00:00:00
    "%j-%H:%M:%S",  //00-00:00:00
};

 

正则表达式如何实现


/* */
static __TIME_PATTERN match_pattern(const char *str)
{
    static const char * const time_regex_pattern[] = {
        "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)){1,1}$",   //00:00
        "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)$",   //00:00:00
        "^([0-9]|([0-9]\\w+))\\-(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}[0-9]\\w+$",   //00-00:00:00
    };

	int status = 0, i = 0;
	int flag = REG_EXTENDED, ipattern = __TIME_PATTERN_MS;
	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
	const size_t nmatch = 1;
	regex_t reg;
    
    do {
        regcomp(&reg, time_regex_pattern[ipattern], flag);
    	status = regexec(&reg, str, nmatch, pmatch, 0);
    	if(status == REG_NOMATCH){
            ipattern++;
    	}else if(status == 0){
    	    regfree(&reg);
            break;
    	}
        if(ipattern == __TIME_PATTERN_NOTMATCH) {
            regfree(&reg);
            break;
        }
    }while(1);
    
    return ipattern;
}

 

完整的代码

C语言完整代码:https://github.com/Rtoax/test/blob/master/regular-expression/ps-time/getprocessruntime-regex.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

struct timerun {
    int tm_sec;
    int tm_min;
    int tm_hour;
    int tm_day;
    int tm_year;
};

typedef enum {
    __TIME_PATTERN_MS = 0,        //00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_HMS = 1,       //00:00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_DHMS = 2,      //00-00:00:00
    __TIME_PATTERN_NOTMATCH = 3,  //不匹配
}__TIME_PATTERN;


static int parse_time_string(__TIME_PATTERN time_pattern, const char *time_str, struct timerun *tr)
{
    if(time_pattern != __TIME_PATTERN_MS &&
        time_pattern != __TIME_PATTERN_HMS &&
        time_pattern != __TIME_PATTERN_DHMS 
        )
    {
        return -1;
    }
    if(!time_str) return -1;
    
    static const char * const time_strptime_pattern[] = {
        "%M:%S",    //00:00
        "%H:%M:%S", //00:00:00
        "%j-%H:%M:%S",  //00-00:00:00
    };
        
    struct tm t4;
    
    memset(&t4, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
    memset(tr, 0, sizeof(struct timerun));
    
    strptime(time_str, time_strptime_pattern[time_pattern], &t4);

    tr->tm_year = 0;
    tr->tm_day = t4.tm_yday?t4.tm_yday+1:0;
    tr->tm_hour = t4.tm_hour;
    tr->tm_min = t4.tm_min;
    tr->tm_sec = t4.tm_sec;
    
    return 0;
}


/* */
static __TIME_PATTERN match_pattern(const char *str)
{
    static const char * const time_regex_pattern[] = {
        "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)){1,1}$",   //00:00
        "^(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)$",   //00:00:00
        "^([0-9]|([0-9]\\w+))\\-(([0-9]|[0-9]\\w+)\\:){2,2}[0-9]\\w+$",   //00-00:00:00
    };

	int status = 0, i = 0;
	int flag = REG_EXTENDED, ipattern = __TIME_PATTERN_MS;
	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
	const size_t nmatch = 1;
	regex_t reg;
    
    do {
        regcomp(&reg, time_regex_pattern[ipattern], flag);
    	status = regexec(&reg, str, nmatch, pmatch, 0);
    	if(status == REG_NOMATCH){
            ipattern++;
    	}else if(status == 0){
    	    regfree(&reg);
            break;
    	}
        if(ipattern == __TIME_PATTERN_NOTMATCH) {
            regfree(&reg);
            break;
        }
    }while(1);
    
    return ipattern;
}


static int test_regex()
{
    char timestring[32] = {0};
    int day, hour, min, sec;

    for(day=4;day<=99;day+=5) {
        for(hour=0;hour<=23;hour+=5) {
            for(min=0;min<=59;min+=5) {
                for(sec=0;sec<=59;sec+=5) {
                    memset(timestring, 0, sizeof(timestring));
                    switch((day+hour+min+sec)%3) {
                        case 0:
                            sprintf(timestring, "%d-%02d:%02d:%02d", day, hour, min, sec);
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            sprintf(timestring, "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            sprintf(timestring, "%02d:%02d", min, sec);
                            break;
                    }
                    
                    int pattern = match_pattern(timestring);
                    printf("%32s pattern = %d\n", timestring, pattern);
                }
            }
        }
    }
   
}

int get_process_runtime(int pid, const char *pname, struct timerun *tr)
{
    char cmd[256] = {0};
    char buffer[256] = {0};
    
    if(pname) {
        sprintf(cmd, "ps -eo pid,etime,cmd | grep %s | grep %d | awk '{print $2}'", pname, pid);
    } else {
        sprintf(cmd, "ps -eo pid,etime,cmd | grep %d | awk '{print $2}'", pid);
    }
    FILE *fpcmd = popen(cmd, "r");

    fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fpcmd);
    
    buffer[strlen(buffer)-1] = '\0';
    int pattern = match_pattern(buffer);
    
    parse_time_string(pattern, buffer, tr);
    
    pclose(fpcmd);

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct timerun tr;

    while(1) {
        sleep(1);
        get_process_runtime(getpid(), argv[0], &tr);
        get_process_runtime(1, "systemd", &tr);
        printf("running time %d-%d:%d:%d\n", tr.tm_day, tr.tm_hour, tr.tm_min, tr.tm_sec);
    }
}

 

使用方法

程序中获取系统的守护进程systemd(systemd是1号进程)的运行时间,如下

get_process_runtime(1, "systemd", &tr);
printf("running time %d-%d:%d:%d\n", tr.tm_day, tr.tm_hour, tr.tm_min, tr.tm_sec);

结果如下:

[root@localhost ps-time]# ./a.out 
running time 49-4:2:3
running time 49-4:2:5
running time 49-4:2:6
^C

与直接用指令查出来的一致

[root@localhost ps-time]# ps -eo pid,etime,cmd | grep systemd
     1 49-04:03:54 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
   499 49-04:03:52 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
   549 49-04:03:51 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
  1367 49-04:03:48 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-machined
  1386 49-04:03:48 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
  1434 49-04:03:48 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
183172       00:00 grep --color=auto systemd

 

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