pkg-config --cflags --libs

在上面的编译命令中我们其实用到了一个工具“pkg-config”，它主要有以下几个功能：

1.检查库的版本号。如果所需要的库的版本不满足要求，它会打印出错误信息，避免链接错误版本的库文件。
2.获得编译预处理参数，如宏定义，头文件的位置。
3.获得链接参数，如库及依赖的其它库的位置，文件名及其它一些连接参数。
4.自动加入所依赖的其它库的设置

所有有了这个工具之后我们的编译就很方便了（不过在此之前你要确保你安装的OpenCV的安装链接库文件的目录下有一个pkgconfig文件夹，在该文件夹里面有个opencv.pc的文件，其实这就是pkg-config下OpenCV的配置文件）。

使用pkg-config时，选项--cflags 它是用来指定程序在编译时所需要头文件所在的目录,选项 --libs则是指定程序在链接时所需要的动态链接库的目录。例如我下面这张图就显示了我电脑上OpenCV的相关目录。

（以上内容来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/Crysaty/p/6638152.html）

例如编译OpenCV程序：

$ gcc main.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`

而实际上：

$ pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv-I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include  -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl 

那么如下编译可以得到相同的作用：

$ gcc main.c -I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include  -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl

同样，编译GTK程序也有相同的情况：

$ gcc main.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0`

而：

$ pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0
-pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng15 -I/usr/include/libdrm  -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lfreetype 

所以可以这样编译：

$ gcc main.c -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng15 -I/usr/include/libdrm  -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lfreetype

同样这种OpenCV和GTK的交叉编译也是可以的：

$ gcc main.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv gtk+-2.0`

而：

$ pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv gtk+-2.0
-pthread -I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng15 -I/usr/include/libdrm  -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lfreetype

所以：

$ gcc main.c -pthread -I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/libpng15 -I/usr/include/libdrm  -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lfreetype