Spring实例–注解实现一文中,虽然用了很多注解去完成Ioc等操作,但是仍然需要XML去配置扫描的包等等。接下来就说说怎么完全的舍弃XML配值文件吧。
Spring实例–注解实现的XML配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.liang"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
<constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mySpring?serverTimezone=UTC"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="liang"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
从配置文件中可以看出,要不使用XML配置文件,需要解决的问题主要有
- 扫描包的问题能不能通过注解来完成?
- 数据源和QueryRunner配置能不能通过注解来完成?
解决以上两个问题,用以前的注解肯定不能够完成,还是先看看其他注解吧。
注解说明
注解 | 功能 |
---|---|
@Configuration | 用于指定当前类是Spring配置类,当配置类作为AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象创建的参数时,该注解可以不写。value属性: |
@ComponentScan | 指定Spring在创建容器时需要扫描的包。 basePackages(value)属性:指定需要扫描的包 |
@Bean | 用于类中的方法上面,表示使用此方法创建一个对象,并存入Spring容器中。name属性:给创建的对象指定一个名称 |
@PropertySource | 用于加载.properties文件中的配置。value[]属性:用于指定properties文件位置,类路径下需加上classpath: |
@Import | 用于导入其他配置类,在引入其他配置类时,可以不用@Configuration注解 |
编写用户实体类
public class Account {
private int id;
private String name;
private float money;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public float getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(float money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
编写持久层接口及实现类
/**
* 账户的持久层接口
*/
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 查询所有账户
* @return
*/
public List<Account> findAllAccount();
/**
*通过账户id查询账户
* @param accountId
* @return
*/
public Account findAccountById(int accountId);
/**
* 保存账户
* @param account
*/
void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 更新账户信息
*/
public void updateAccount(Account account);
/**
* 通过账户id删除账户
* @param accountId
*/
public void deleteAccount(int accountId);
}
/**
* 账户持久层接口的实现类
*/
@Repository(value = "accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
//提供对sql语句操作的API
@Autowired
private QueryRunner queryRunner;
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
try {
return queryRunner.query("select *from account",new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Account findAccountById(int accountId) {
try {
return queryRunner.query("select *from account where id = ?", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class), accountId);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void saveAccount(Account account ) {
try {
queryRunner.update("insert into account(name,money) value(?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
try {
queryRunner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void deleteAccount(int accountId) {
try {
queryRunner.update("delete from account where id=?",accountId);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
编写业务层接口及实现类
/**
* 账户业务层接口
*/
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 查询所有账户
* @return
*/
public List<Account> findAllAccount();
/**
*通过账户id查询账户
* @param accountId
* @return
*/
public Account findAccountById(int accountId);
/**
* 保存账户
*/
void saveAccount(Account account);
/**
* 更新账户信息
*/
public void updateAccount(Account account);
/**
* 通过账户id删除账户
* @param accountId
*/
public void deleteAccount(int accountId);
}
/**
* 账户的业务层实现类
*/
@Service(value = "accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Resource(name = "accountDao")
private AccountDao accountDao;
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
return accountDao.findAllAccount();
}
public Account findAccountById(int accountId) {
return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.updateAccount(account);
}
public void deleteAccount(int accountId) {
accountDao.deleteAccount(accountId);
}
}
编写配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.liang"})
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class SpringConfig {
@Value(value = "${driver}")
private String driver;
@Value(value = "${url}")
private String url;
@Value(value = "${user}")
private String user;
@Value(value = "${password}")
private String password;
@Bean(value = "queryRunner")
@Scope(value = "prototype")
public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(DataSource dataSource)
{
return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
}
@Bean(value = "dataSource")
public DataSource createDataSource()
{
try{
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
comboPooledDataSource.setUser(user);
comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
return comboPooledDataSource;
}catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("数据库配置错误");
}
}
}
数据库连接配置文件
编写测试类
public class SpringTest {
private AccountService accountService;
@Before
public void init()
{
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
accountService = (AccountService)applicationContext.getBean("accountService");
System.out.println(accountService);
}
@Test
public void testFindAllAccount()
{
List<Account> accounts = accountService.findAllAccount();
for (Account account:accounts)
{
System.out.println(account);
}
}
@Test
public void testFindAccountById()
{
Account account = accountService.findAccountById(1);
System.out.println(account);
}
@Test
public void testSaveAccount()
{
Account account = new Account();
account.setName("灰太狼");
account.setMoney(0.01f);
accountService.saveAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testUpdateAccount()
{
Account account = accountService.findAccountById(4);
account.setMoney(0.001f);
accountService.updateAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testDeleteAccount()
{
accountService.deleteAccount(4);
}
}
当有多个配置类的时候。可以通过AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象同时加载多个配置类。例如:当有配置类JDBCConfig和SpringConfig时,可以这样加载配置 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class, JDBCConfig.class);。
当有多个配置类的时候,并且配置类具有总分(父子)关系的时候,可以使用@Import注解。例如:当SpringConfig类是总配置类,JDBCConfig配置类是子配置类,则可使用@Import注解。
加载配置直接通过加载总配置即可。 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);。
当使用@Bean注解注入有多个类型匹配时,便需要@Qualifier注解配合使用。 如下所示:
关于开发中到底使用什么,这个完全根据自己,比如我喜欢XML配置和注解形式结合使用。