UML(统一建模语言)简介

Java语言类图(UML规范书网站http://www.omg.org/uml/)

2018427

16:49

Java中的"字段"field)取代UML中的"属性"(attribute),"方法"(method)取代UML中的"操作"(operation).

 UML类图(Class Diagram)

      用于表示类,接口。实例等之间相互的静态关系。

展示类的层次关系的类图

 

该图展示了ParentClassChildClass两个类之间的关系,其中空心箭头表明两者之间的层次关系, 箭头由子类指向父类

长方形表示类,长方形被分成三部分表示  类名,字段名,方法名

abstract(抽象类)的名字以斜体方式显示。

static字段(静态字段)的名字带有下划线

abstract方法(抽象方法)的名字以斜体方式显示。

static方法(静态方法)的名字以下划线显示。

 

展示接口与实现类的类图

标识聚合关系的类图

聚合:一种持有关系,只要在一个类中持有另外一个类的实例——无论一个还是多个——他们之间就是聚合关系。

可见性类图

"+"表示public方法和字段

"-"表示private方法和字段

"#"表示protect方法和字段

"~"表示只有在同一包中的类才能访问的方法和字段

类的关联

可以在类名前面加上黑三角表示类之间的关联关系

UML时序图

      用来表示程序在工作时内其内部方法的调用顺序,以及事件的发生顺序。表示的是"随时间发生变化的东西(动态行为)"

生命线:每个实例向下延伸的虚线,生命线仅存在于实例的生命周期内(可以理解为时间从上向下流)

在生命线上,存在的细长的长方形,它们表示实例处在某种活动中。

黑色实线箭头表示方法的调用,虚线箭头表示方法的返回(有些时序也会省略返回箭头)

时序图的阅读顺序是沿着生命线从上之下阅读。

 

Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™) 1.6.pdf The purpose of this International Standard is to specify the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), a general-purpose modeling language for systems engineering. Its intent is to specify the language so that systems engineering modelers may learn to apply and use SysML; modeling tool vendors may implement and support SysML; and both can provide feedback to improve future versions. Note that a definition of “system” and “systems engineering” can be found inISO/ IEC 15288. SysML reuses a subset of UML 2.5 and provides additional extensions to address the requirements in UML for SE. SysML uses the UML 2.5 extension mechanisms as further elaborated in Clause 17 as the primary mechanism to specify the extensions to UML 2.5. This revision of SysML relies on several new features incorporated into UML 2.5. Any use of the term “UML 2” or “UML” in this specification, unless otherwise noted, will refer to UML 2.5 in general and the UML 2.5 specification in particular. Since SysML uses UML 2.5 as its foundation, systems engineers modeling with SysML and software engineers modeling with UML 2.5 will be able to collaborate on models of software-intensive systems. This will improve communication among the various stakeholders who participate in the systems development process and promote interoperability among modeling tools. It is anticipated that SysML will be customized to model domain-specific applications, such as automotive, aerospace, communication, and information systems. SysML is designed to provide simple but powerful constructs for modeling a wide range of systems engineering problems. It is particularly effective in specifying requirements, structure, behavior, allocations, and constraints on system properties to support engineering analysis. The language is intended to support multiple processes and methods such as structured, object-oriented, and others, but each methodology may impose additional constraints
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