类面向对象三大要素——代码综合案例

代码综合案例

探索：

1.#可以使用randint（）函数来表示概率事件,示例见案例一：
**2.property修饰器的作用，可保护类属性访问的安全和便捷，具体应用还不知道如何探索

???

详见案例三：代码示例1、 2对比！**

案例一：

示例代码：

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from random import randint, randrange


class Fighter(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """战斗者"""

    # 通过__slots__魔法限定对象可以绑定的成员变量
    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

    def __init__(self, name, hp):
        """初始化方法

        :param name: 名字
        :param hp: 生命值
        """
        self._name = name
        self._hp = hp

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def hp(self):
        return self._hp

    @hp.setter
    def hp(self, hp):
        self._hp = hp if hp >= 0 else 0

    @property
    def alive(self):
        return self._hp > 0

    @abstractmethod
    def attack(self, other):
        """攻击

        :param other: 被攻击的对象
        """
        pass


class Ultraman(Fighter):
    """奥特曼"""

    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp', '_mp')

    def __init__(self, name, hp, mp):
        """初始化方法

        :param name: 名字
        :param hp: 生命值
        :param mp: 魔法值
        """
        super().__init__(name, hp)
        self._mp = mp

    def attack(self, other):
        other.hp -= randint(15, 25)

    def huge_attack(self, other):
        """究极必杀技(打掉对方至少50点或四分之三的血)

        :param other: 被攻击的对象

        :return: 使用成功返回True否则返回False
        """
        if self._mp >= 50:
            self._mp -= 50
            injury = other.hp * 3 // 4
            injury = injury if injury >= 50 else 50
            other.hp -= injury
            return True
        else:
            self.attack(other)
            return False

    def magic_attack(self, others):
        """魔法攻击

        :param others: 被攻击的群体

        :return: 使用魔法成功返回True否则返回False
        """
        if self._mp >= 20:
            self._mp -= 20
            for temp in others:
                if temp.alive:
                    temp.hp -= randint(10, 15)
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def resume(self):
        """恢复魔法值"""
        incr_point = randint(1, 10)
        self._mp += incr_point
        return incr_point

    def __str__(self):
        return '~~~%s奥特曼~~~\n' % self._name + \
            '生命值: %d\n' % self._hp + \
            '魔法值: %d\n' % self._mp


class Monster(Fighter):
    """小怪兽"""

    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

    def attack(self, other):
        other.hp -= randint(10, 20)

    def __str__(self):
        return '~~~%s小怪兽~~~\n' % self._name + \
            '生命值: %d\n' % self._hp


def is_any_alive(monsters):
    """判断有没有小怪兽是活着的"""
    for monster in monsters:
        if monster.alive > 0:
            return True
    return False


def select_alive_one(monsters):
    """选中一只活着的小怪兽"""
    monsters_len = len(monsters)
    while True:
        index = randrange(monsters_len)
        monster = monsters[index]
        if monster.alive > 0:
            return monster


def display_info(ultraman, monsters):
    """显示奥特曼和小怪兽的信息"""
    print(ultraman)
    for monster in monsters:
        print(monster, end='')


def main():
    u = Ultraman('骆昊', 1000, 120)
    m1 = Monster('狄仁杰', 250)
    m2 = Monster('白元芳', 500)
    m3 = Monster('王大锤', 750)
    ms = [m1, m2, m3]
    fight_round = 1
    while u.alive and is_any_alive(ms):
        print('========第%02d回合========' % fight_round)
        m = select_alive_one(ms)  # 选中一只小怪兽
        skill = randint(1, 10)   # 通过随机数选择使用哪种技能
        if skill <= 6:  # 60%的概率使用普通攻击
            print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
            u.attack(m)
            print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点.' % (u.name, u.resume()))
        elif skill <= 9:  # 30%的概率使用魔法攻击(可能因魔法值不足而失败)
            if u.magic_attack(ms):
                print('%s使用了魔法攻击.' % u.name)
            else:
                print('%s使用魔法失败.' % u.name)
        else:  # 10%的概率使用究极必杀技(如果魔法值不足则使用普通攻击)
            if u.huge_attack(m):
                print('%s使用究极必杀技虐了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
            else:
                print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
                print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点.' % (u.name, u.resume()))
        if m.alive > 0:  # 如果选中的小怪兽没有死就回击奥特曼
            print('%s回击了%s.' % (m.name, u.name))
            m.attack(u)
        display_info(u, ms)  # 每个回合结束后显示奥特曼和小怪兽的信息
        fight_round += 1
    print('\n========战斗结束!========\n')
    if u.alive > 0:
        print('%s奥特曼胜利!' % u.name)
    else:
        print('小怪兽胜利!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

综合案例二

扑克牌游戏

import random


class Card(object):
    """一张牌"""

    def __init__(self, suite, face):
        self._suite = suite
        self._face = face

    @property
    def face(self):
        return self._face

    @property
    def suite(self):
        return self._suite

    def __str__(self):
        if self._face == 1:
            face_str = 'A'
        elif self._face == 11:
            face_str = 'J'
        elif self._face == 12:
            face_str = 'Q'
        elif self._face == 13:
            face_str = 'K'
        else:
            face_str = str(self._face)
        return '%s%s' % (self._suite, face_str)
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()


class Poker(object):
    """一副牌"""

    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(suite, face) 
                       for suite in '♠♥♣♦'
                       for face in range(1, 14)]
        self._current = 0

    @property
    def cards(self):
        return self._cards

    def shuffle(self):
        """洗牌(随机乱序)"""
        self._current = 0
        random.shuffle(self._cards)

    @property
    def next(self):
        """发牌"""
        card = self._cards[self._current]
        self._current += 1
        return card

    @property
    def has_next(self):
        """还有没有牌"""
        return self._current < len(self._cards)


class Player(object):
    """玩家"""

    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name
        self._cards_on_hand = []

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def cards_on_hand(self):
        return self._cards_on_hand

    def get(self, card):
        """摸牌"""
        self._cards_on_hand.append(card)

    def arrange(self, card_key):
        """玩家整理手上的牌"""
        self._cards_on_hand.sort(key=card_key)


# 排序规则-先根据花色再根据点数排序
def get_key(card):
    return (card.suite, card.face)


def main():
    p = Poker()
    p.shuffle()
    players = [Player('东邪'), Player('西毒'), Player('南帝'), Player('北丐')]
    for _ in range(13):
        for player in players:
            player.get(p.next)
    for player in players:
        print(player.name + ':', end=' ')
        player.arrange(get_key)
        print(player.cards_on_hand)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

案例三：工资结算系统

代码示例1：

"""
某公司有三种类型的员工 分别是部门经理、程序员和销售员
需要设计一个工资结算系统 根据提供的员工信息来计算月薪
部门经理的月薪是每月固定15000元
程序员的月薪按本月工作时间计算 每小时150元
销售员的月薪是1200元的底薪加上销售额5%的提成

Author:Rose.
Date: 2019.8.3

"""

from abc import ABCMeta,abstractmethod

class Worker(object,metaclass=ABCMeta):
	#绑定员工的属性，姓名
	def __init__(self,name):
		self._name = name
		
	@property
	def name(self):
		return self._name

	#定义抽象方法salary用来多态方法
	@abstractmethod
	def salary(self):
		pass

class Department_manager(Worker):
	#默认继承Worker属性：姓名
	
	#定义方法salary用来计算department_manager的薪水
	def salary(self):
		print('%s 本月的薪水为： 15000 元'% self._name)

class Programmer(Worker):
	def __init__(self,name,work_hours=0):
		super().__init__(name)
		self._work_hour = work_hours

	@property
	def work_hours(self):
		return self._work_hours

	@work_hours.setter
	def work_hours(self,work_hours):
		self._work_hours = work_hours

	def salary(self):
		work_hours = int(input('请输入%s 本月有效工作时间: '% self._name))
		s = work_hours * 150
		print('%s 本月的薪水为： %d 元'% (self._name,s))

class Salesman(Worker):

	def salary(self):
		sale = float(input('请输入%s 本月实际销售额: '% self._name))
		s = 1200 + sale * 0.05
		print('%s 本月的薪水为：%d 元'% (self._name,s))

def main():
	workers = [
	Department_manager('张飞'),Department_manager('B'),
	Programmer('C'),Programmer('D'),
	Salesman('E'),Salesman('F')]

	for worker in workers:
		worker.salary()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

代码示例2：

"""
Just for Test.

Author:Rose.
Date: 2019.7.30

"""

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod


class Employee(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """员工"""

    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        初始化方法

        :param name: 姓名
        """
        self._name = name

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @abstractmethod
    def get_salary(self):
        """
        获得月薪

        :return: 月薪
        """
        pass


class Manager(Employee):
    """部门经理"""

    def get_salary(self):
        return 15000.0


class Programmer(Employee):
    """程序员"""

    def __init__(self, name, working_hour=0):
        super().__init__(name)
        self._working_hour = working_hour

    @property
    def working_hour(self):
        return self._working_hour

    @working_hour.setter
    def working_hour(self, working_hour):
        self._working_hour = working_hour if working_hour > 0 else 0

    def get_salary(self):
        return 150.0 * self._working_hour


class Salesman(Employee):
    """销售员"""

    def __init__(self, name, sales=0):
        super().__init__(name)
        self._sales = sales

    @property
    def sales(self):
        return self._sales

    @sales.setter
    def sales(self, sales):
        self._sales = sales if sales > 0 else 0

    def get_salary(self):
        return 1200.0 + self._sales * 0.05


def main():
    emps = [
        Manager('刘备'), Programmer('诸葛亮'),
        Manager('曹操'), Salesman('荀彧'),
        Salesman('吕布'), Programmer('张辽'),
        Programmer('赵云')
    ]
    for emp in emps:
        if isinstance(emp, Programmer):
            emp.working_hour = int(input('请输入%s本月工作时间: ' % emp.name))
        elif isinstance(emp, Salesman):
            emp.sales = float(input('请输入%s本月销售额: ' % emp.name))
        # 同样是接收get_salary这个消息但是不同的员工表现出了不同的行为(多态)
        print('%s本月工资为: ￥%s元' %
              (emp.name, emp.get_salary()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()