SpringMVC
MVC架构
Controller
控制层
- 获取前端信息
- 调用业务逻辑
- 跳转页面
Model
模型层
- 业务逻辑
- 保存数据的状态
View
显示页面
依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
优点
- 轻量级 简单易学
- 高效、基于请求响应的MVC框架
- 兼容Spring
- 约定优于配置
- 功能强大:RESTful(用/而不是?传参)、数据验证、格式化、本地化、主题
- 简介灵活
SpringMVC入门
配置
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet:Spring的核心 请求分发器(前端控制器)-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--绑定Spring的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别:1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- / 只匹配所有请求,不去匹配jsp 一般用这个-->
<!--/* 会匹配所有的请求,包括jsp-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器 模板引擎 Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀 注意 jsp后面那个/不可省略-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置url-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.rush.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
Controller
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/4 11:04
*/
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
String result = "HelloSpringMVC";
mv.addObject("msg",result);
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}
记得要导入所有要用的jar包
注解开发
Controller
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/4 12:49
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
//URL
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
//要跳转的页面
return "hello";
}
}
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.rush.controller"/>
<!--让Spring MVC不处理静态资源-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--支持mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器 模板引擎 Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀 注意 jsp后面那个/不可省略-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
RESTful风格
RESTful风格是一个资源定位系统及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议,只是一种风格。可以使软件更加简洁、更有层次感,更易于实现缓存等机制。
- 原本:localhost:8080/method?username=…&…
- RESTful:localhost:8080/method/username=…/…
传参
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/4 12:49
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
//传参 限制方法为get方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
//或者使用 @GetMapping(value = "/hello/{a}/{b}")
public String hello(@PathVariable int a,@PathVariable int b, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","结果为:"+(a+b));
return "hello";
}
}
使用RESTful风格,同一个url可以使用不同的方式提交,实现url的复用,相对来说安全,隐藏了参数名(但抓包依然可以获取)
重定向和转发
//有视图解析器的情况下
//重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
//转发 不填的话默认也为转发
return "forward:/index";
获取前端的数据
如果前端参数名和后台方法名不一致
public void hello2(@RequestParam("usernmae") String name){
}
实体类
url:?name=rush&id=1
后台
@RequestMapping("/user")
public String user(User user){
System.out.println(user);
return hello
}
只要需要前端接收的数据 都要用@RequestParam注解
乱码
在web.xml下配置Spring的filter
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
JSON
Jackson
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
//编码改为UTF-8
@RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
//有了下面这个注解 就不会走视图解析器 会直接返回前端一个字符串
//等同于类的RestController
@ResponseBody
public String json1() {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String str = "";
User user = new User("mcmc", 3, "男");
try {
str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return str;
}
每一个Json都要修改编码模式很麻烦
我们可以在xml文件全局配置
<!--JSON乱码配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
获取时间
@RequestMapping(value = "/j1")
//有了下面这个注解 就不会走视图解析器 会直接返回前端一个字符串
@ResponseBody
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
return mapper.writeValueAsString(sdf.format(date));
}
FastJson
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.41</version>
</dependency>
@RequestMapping("j4")
@ResponseBody
public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException{
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
User user = new User("rush1", 3, "男");
User user1 = new User("rush2", 3, "男");
User user2 = new User("rush3", 3, "男");
User user3 = new User("rush4", 3, "男");
userList.add(user);
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
return JSON.toJSONString(userList);
}
JSON字符串转Java对象
User user = JSON.parseObject(str,User.class);
Java对象转JSON对象
JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject)JSON.toJSON(user);
JSON对象转JAVA对象
JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject,User.class);
SSM整合
application.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
<import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
</beans>
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.rush.po"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.rush.dao.BookMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
<!--用Spring的数据源代替Mybatis的配置-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!--用Spring的数据源代替Mybatis的配置-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<!--关闭连接后不开启自动commit-->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
<!--获取连接超时时间-->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
<!--连接失败的重试次数-->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
</bean>
<!--配置原来Mybatis的sqlSessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--绑定Mybatis配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--配置dao接口扫描包-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<property name="basePackage" value="com.rush.dao"/>
</bean>
<!--扫描service包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.rush.service"/>
<bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.rush.service.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="query" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.rush.controller"/>
<!--让Spring MVC不处理静态资源-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--支持mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器 模板引擎 Thymeleaf Freemarker-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀 注意 jsp后面那个/不可省略-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
拦截器
拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法,如果访问的是jsp/css/js/image 拦截器不会拦截
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--**表示拦截所有子目录-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.rush.config.MyInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
package com.rush.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/5 19:48
*/
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//true 执行下一个拦截器 放行
//false 拦截
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("-----------------处理前----------------");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("-----------------处理后----------------");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("-----------------清理----------------");
}
}
文件上传
<!--文件上传配置-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/6 10:41
*/
@Controller
public class FileUploader {
//@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装为CommonsMultipartFile对象
//批量上传使用CommonsMultipartFile数组即可
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
if("".equals(fileName) || fileName == null){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
File realPath = new File(path);
if(!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
InputStream is = file.getInputStream();
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,fileName));
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while( (len = is.read(buffer)) !=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
os.flush();
}
os.close();
is.close();
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
或
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/6 10:41
*/
@Controller
public class FileUploader {
//@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装为CommonsMultipartFile对象
//批量上传使用CommonsMultipartFile数组即可
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
if("".equals(fileName) || fileName == null){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
File realPath = new File(path);
if(!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
file.transferTo(new File(path+"/"+file.getOriginalFilename()));
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
form表单需要设置 enctype=“multipart/form-data” 将数据以二进制流方式传输
文件下载
package com.rush.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
/**
* @author:zmc
* @function:
* @date: 2020/8/6 10:41
*/
@Controller
public class FileUploader {
//@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装为CommonsMultipartFile对象
//批量上传使用CommonsMultipartFile数组即可
@RequestMapping("/download")
public String download(HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//输入想下载的文件名
String fileName = "1.png";
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
//设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
response.reset();
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
File file = new File(path,fileName);
InputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
int index = 0;
while((index = input.read(buff)) != -1){
out.write(buff,0,index);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
input.close();
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}