一文详解Optional解决NullPointerException

避之不及的 NullPointerException

NPE : NullPointerException
空指针异常是最常见的Java异常之一，抛出NPE错误不是用户操作的错误，而是开发人员的错误，应该被避免，那么只能在每个方法中加入非空检查，阅读性和维护性都比较差。
以下是一个常见的嵌套对象：一个用户所拥有的汽车，以及为这个汽车配备的保险。

public class User {
   

    private String userName;

    private Car car;

    public String getUserName() {
   
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
   
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public Car getCar() {
   
        return car;
    }

    public void setCar(Car car) {
   
        this.car = car;
    }
}

public class Car {
   

    private String carName;

    private Insurance insurance;

    public String getCarName() {
   
        return carName;
    }

    public void setCarName(String carName) {
   
        this.carName = carName;
    }

    public Insurance getInsurance() {
   
        return insurance;
    }

    public void setInsurance(Insurance insurance) {
   
        this.insurance = insurance;
    }
}

public class Insurance {
   

    private String insuranceName;

    public String getInsuranceName() {
   
        return insuranceName;
    }

    public void setInsuranceName(String insuranceName) {
   
        this.insuranceName = insuranceName;
    }
}

如果我们此时，需要获取一个用户对应的汽车保险名称，我们可能会写出来以下的代码

private String getInsuranceName(User user)