40个python代码可视化实践案例

关于我自己都看不懂的40个代码

一. 柱形图

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create dataset
height = [3, 12, 5, 18, 45]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars
plt.bar(x_pos, height)
 
# Create names on the x-axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

二. 三色柱形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# set width of bars
barWidth = 0.25
 
# set heights of bars
bars1 = [12, 30, 1, 8, 22]
bars2 = [28, 6, 16, 5, 10]
bars3 = [29, 3, 24, 25, 17]
 
# Set position of bar on X axis
r1 = np.arange(len(bars1))
r2 = [x + barWidth for x in r1]
r3 = [x + barWidth for x in r2]
 
# Make the plot
plt.bar(r1, bars1, color='#7f6d5f', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var1')
plt.bar(r2, bars2, color='#557f2d', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var2')
plt.bar(r3, bars3, color='#2d7f5e', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var3')
 
# Add xticks on the middle of the group bars
plt.xlabel('group', fontweight='bold')
plt.xticks([r + barWidth for r in range(len(bars1))], ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])
 
# Create legend & Show graphic
plt.legend()
plt.show()

三. 叠加柱形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
import pandas as pd
 
# y-axis in bold
rc('font', weight='bold')
 
# Values of each group
bars1 = [12, 28, 1, 8, 22]
bars2 = [28, 7, 16, 4, 10]
bars3 = [25, 3, 23, 25, 17]
 
# Heights of bars1 + bars2
bars = np.add(bars1, bars2).tolist()
 
# The position of the bars on the x-axis
r = [0,1,2,3,4]
 
# Names of group and bar width
names = ['A','B','C','D','E']
barWidth = 1
 
# Create brown bars
plt.bar(r, bars1, color='#7f6d5f', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
# Create green bars (middle), on top of the first ones
plt.bar(r, bars2, bottom=bars1, color='#557f2d', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
# Create green bars (top)
plt.bar(r, bars3, bottom=bars, color='#2d7f5e', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
 
# Custom X axis
plt.xticks(r, names, fontweight='bold')
plt.xlabel("group")
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

四. 叠加百分比柱形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
import pandas as pd
 
# Data
r = [0,1,2,3,4]
raw_data = {
   'greenBars': [20, 1.5, 7, 10, 5], 'orangeBars': [5, 15, 5, 10, 15],'blueBars': [2, 15, 18, 5, 10]}
df = pd.DataFrame(raw_data)
 
# From raw value to percentage
totals = [i+j+k for i,j,k in zip(df['greenBars'], df['orangeBars'], df['blueBars'])]
greenBars = [i / j * 100 for i,j in zip(df['greenBars'], totals)]
orangeBars = [i / j * 100 for i,j in zip(df['orangeBars'], totals)]
blueBars = [i / j * 100 for i,j in zip(df['blueBars'], totals)]
 
# plot
barWidth = 0.85
names = ('A','B','C','D','E')
# Create green Bars
plt.bar(r, greenBars, color='#b5ffb9', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
# Create orange Bars
plt.bar(r, orangeBars, bottom=greenBars, color='#f9bc86', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
# Create blue Bars
plt.bar(r, blueBars, bottom=[i+j for i,j in zip(greenBars, orangeBars)], color='#a3acff', edgecolor='white', width=barWidth)
 
# Custom x axis
plt.xticks(r, names)
plt.xlabel("group")
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

五. 叠加百分比柱形图

# libraries & dataset
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# set a grey background (use sns.set_theme() if seaborn version 0.11.0 or above) 
sns.set(style="darkgrid")
df = sns.load_dataset("iris")

sns.histplot(data=df, y="sepal_length")
plt.show()

六. 紫色柱形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create dataset
height = [3, 12, 5, 18, 45]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars and choose color
plt.bar(x_pos, height, color = (0.5,0.1,0.5,0.6))
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.title('My title')
plt.xlabel('categories')
plt.ylabel('values')
 
# Create names on the x axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graph
plt.show()

七.带条纹的条形图

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create dataset
height = [2, 5, 4, 6]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars
figure = plt.bar(x_pos, height)

# Define some hatches
hatches = ['-', '/', '||', '///']

# Loop over bars and assign hatches
for bar, hatch in zip(figure, hatches):
    bar.set_hatch(hatch)

# Create names on the x-axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

八、带标签的不同色条形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# width of the bars
barWidth = 0.3
 
# Choose the height of the blue bars
bars1 = [10, 9, 2]
 
# Choose the height of the cyan bars
bars2 = [10.8, 9.5, 4.5]
 
# Choose the height of the error bars (bars1)
yer1 = [0.5, 0.4, 0.5]
 
# Choose the height of the error bars (bars2)
yer2 = [1, 0.7, 1]
 
# The x position of bars
r1 = np.arange(len(bars1))
r2 = [x + barWidth for x in r1]
 
# Create blue bars
plt.bar(r1, bars1, width = barWidth, color = 'blue', edgecolor = 'black', yerr=yer1, capsize=7, label='poacee')
 
# Create cyan bars
plt.bar(r2, bars2, width = barWidth, color = 'cyan', edgecolor = 'black', yerr=yer2, capsize=7, label='sorgho')
 
# general layout
plt.xticks([r + barWidth for r in range(len(bars1))], ['cond_A', 'cond_B', 'cond_C'])
plt.ylabel('height')
plt.legend()
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

九、详细的条形图

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create bars
barWidth = 0.9
bars1 = [3, 3, 1]
bars2 = [4, 2, 3]
bars3 = [4, 6, 7, 10, 4, 4]
bars4 = bars1 + bars2 + bars3
 
# The X position of bars
r1 =