title : 佩尔方程
date : 2021-10-31
tags : ACM,数学
author : Linno
佩尔方程
形如x2−dy2=1(d>1且d不为完全平方数)x^2-dy^2=1(d>1且d不为完全平方数)x2−dy2=1(d>1且d不为完全平方数)的不定方程称为佩尔方程
设两个解为(x1,y1)和(x2,y2),那么有{
x12−dy12=1x22−dy22=1得到(x12−dy12)(x22−dy22)=1展开得到x12x22−dx12y22−dy12x22+d2y12y22=1⇒(x12x22+d2y12y22)−d(dx12y22+y12x22)=1⇒(x12x22+d2y12y22+2dx1x2y1y2)−d(dx12y22+y12x22−2dx1x2y1y2)=1⇒(x1x2+dy1y2)−d(dx12y22+y12x22−2dx1x2y1y2)=1所以x3=x2x1+dy2y1,y3=x2y1+x1y2根据迭代公式,通解为:xn=xn−1x1+dyn−1y1,yn=xn−1y1+yn−1x1 设两个解为(x_1,y_1)和(x_2,y_2),那么有\\ \begin{cases} x_1^2-dy_1^2=1\\ x_2^2-dy_2^2=1\\ \end{cases} 得到(x_1^2-dy_1^2)(x_2^2-dy_2^2)=1\\ 展开得到x_1^2x_2^2-dx_1^2y_2^2-dy_1^2x_2^2+d^2y_1^2y_2^2=1\\ \Rightarrow (x_1^2x_2^2+d^2y_1^2y_2^2)-d(dx_1^2y_2^2+y_1^2x_2^2)=1\\ \Rightarrow (x_1^2x_2^2+d^2y_1^2y_2^2+2dx_1x_2y_1y_2)-d(dx_1^2y_2^2+y_1^2x_2^2-2dx_1x_2y_1y_2)=1\\ \Rightarrow (x_1x_2+dy_1y_2)-d(dx_1^2y_2^2+y_1^2x_2^2-2dx_1x_2y_1y_2)=1\\ 所以x_3=x_2x_1+dy_2y_1,y_3=x_2y_1+x_1y_2\\ 根据迭代公式,通解为:\\ x_n=x_{n-1}x_1+dy_{n-1}y_1,y_n=x_{n-1}y_1+y_{n-1}x_1\\ 设两个解为(x1,y1)和(x2,y2),那么有{
x12−dy12=1x22−dy22=1得到(x12−dy12)(x22−dy22)=1展开得到x12x22−dx12y22−dy12x