Codeforces Round #647 (Div. 2) - Thanks, Algo Muse!A. Johnny and Ancient Computer（数学）---题解

来源：http://codeforces.com/contest/1362/problem/A

Johnny has recently found an ancient, broken computer. The machine has only one register, which allows one to put in there one variable. Then in one operation, you can shift its bits left or right by at most three positions. The right shift is forbidden if it cuts off some ones. So, in fact, in one operation, you can multiply or divide your number by 2, 4 or 8, and division is only allowed if the number is divisible by the chosen divisor.

Formally, if the register contains a positive integer x, in one operation it can be replaced by one of the following:

x⋅2
x⋅4
x⋅8
x/2, if x is divisible by 2
x/4, if x is divisible by 4
x/8, if x is divisible by 8
For example, if x=6, in one operation it can be replaced by 12, 24, 48 or 3. Value 6 isn’t divisible by 4 or 8, so there’re only four variants of replacement.

Now Johnny wonders how many operations he needs to perform if he puts a in the register and wants to get b at the end.

Input
The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains an integer t (1≤t≤1000) — the number of test cases. The following t lines contain a description of test cases.

The first and only line in each test case contains integers a and b (1≤a,b≤1018) — the initial and target value of the variable, respectively.

Output
Output t lines, each line should contain one integer denoting the minimum number of operations Johnny needs to perform. If Johnny cannot get b at the end, then write −1.

Example
input
10
10 5
11 44
17 21
1 1
96 3
2 128
1001 1100611139403776
1000000000000000000 1000000000000000000
7 1
10 8
output
1
1
-1
0
2
2
14
0
-1
-1

Note
In the first test case, Johnny can reach 5 from 10 by using the shift to the right by one (i.e. divide by 2).

In the second test case, Johnny can reach 44 from 11 by using the shift to the left by two (i.e. multiply by 4).

In the third test case, it is impossible for Johnny to reach 21 from 17.

In the fourth test case, initial and target values are equal, so Johnny has to do 0 operations.

In the fifth test case, Johnny can reach 3 from 96 by using two shifts to the right: one by 2, and another by 3 (i.e. divide by 4 and by 8).

题意：
给你两个数a,b，问你是否存在a左移/右移后会得到b，如果存在的话，每次可以移位1,2,3位，最少移动几次。

思路：
我们只要先判断是否存在，如果b/a=2*n(n是任意数）存在的话，那么就说明能实现，然后我们可以求最小的次数了。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
int main()
{
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    ll a, b;
    while (t--)
    {
        cin >> a >> b;
        if (b > a) swap(a, b);
        ll sum = 0;
        if (a == b)
        {
            cout << 0 << endl;
            continue;
        }
        if (a % b)
        {
            cout << -1 << endl;
            continue;
        }
        ll temp = a / b;
        while (temp % 8 == 0)
        {
            temp /= 8;
            sum++;
        }
        while (temp % 4 == 0)
        {
            sum++;
            temp /= 4;
        }
        while (temp % 2 == 0)
        {
            temp /= 2;
            sum++;
        }
        if (temp == 1)
            cout << sum << endl;
        else
            cout << -1 << endl;
    }
	return 0;
}