pg 对时间的处理还是很灵活的, + - * / 都有支持
期间有个extract 函数还是很有用的,我们先来看看几个例子:[code]
postgres=# select extract(epoch from '1970-01-01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(epoch from '1970-01-01 00:00:01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
1
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(epoch from now()-'2013-07-01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
----------------
1936767.072764
(1 row)
postgres=#
[/code]上面的例子是求出从1970-01-01 00:00:00 开始的秒数
extract 函数的功能是从时间中抽出相应的字段
他的使用格式:
EXTRACT(field FROM source)
其中field 包含以下几个值:
century: 世纪
postgres=# select extract(century from '2013-07-01'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
21
(1 row)
day : 一个月里的第几天[code]
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from interval '40 days 3 hours' ) ;
date_part
-----------
40
(1 row)
[/code] decade : 10年期 ,第几个10年
postgres=# select extract(decade from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
201
(1 row)
dow 一周里的第几天 (sunday =0 saturday=6)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
doy : 一年里的第几天 (1-365/366)
postgres=# select extract(doy from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
202
(1 row)
hour: 一天里小时数(0-23)
postgres=# SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2013-07-21 09:15:23');
date_part
-----------
9
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(hour from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
注意这里,因为我们把'2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) 转为date 类型是没有小时的,所以返回0 ,上面的timestamp 是有小时的,正确返回
isodow : ISO 标准一周的天数 sunday=7 monday=1
postgres=# select extract(isodow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isodow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
isoyear: ISO 标准的年 : (
ISO标准的纪年是从周一开始,以一月4号之前的周一为新的纪年的开始,跟公元纪年有区别,所以一年的一月份的前几天,或者12月的后几天可能会跟公元纪年法有区别:
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2013-01-01'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2012-12-31'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2012-12-30'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2012
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2012-12-31'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
1
(1 row)
microseconds: 微秒
用微秒标识的 秒 的部分,包括后面小数部分:
postgres=# select extract(microseconds from interval '3 days 5 mins 3.5 sec') ;
date_part
-----------
3500000
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(microseconds from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp)
postgres-# ;
date_part
-----------
23000000
(1 row)
millennium : 千禧年 ,千年纪年
目前是21世纪,第3个千禧年
postgres=# select extract(millennium from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
3
(1 row)
minute: 分钟(0-59)
postgres=# select extract(minute from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
15
(1 row)
month : 月份 对timestamp 类型 返回1-12, 对interval 类型返回0-11
postgres=# select extract(month from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 7 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 12 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 11 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
11
(1 row)
quarter : 季度
postgres=# select extract(quarter from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
3
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(quarter from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
2
(1 row)
second : 秒 (0-59)
postgres=# select extract(second from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
week : 周记
postgres=# select extract(week from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
25
(1 row)
year: 年纪
postgres=# select extract(year from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)
期间有个extract 函数还是很有用的,我们先来看看几个例子:[code]
postgres=# select extract(epoch from '1970-01-01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(epoch from '1970-01-01 00:00:01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
1
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(epoch from now()-'2013-07-01'::timestamp) ;
date_part
----------------
1936767.072764
(1 row)
postgres=#
[/code]上面的例子是求出从1970-01-01 00:00:00 开始的秒数
extract 函数的功能是从时间中抽出相应的字段
他的使用格式:
EXTRACT(field FROM source)
其中field 包含以下几个值:
century: 世纪
postgres=# select extract(century from '2013-07-01'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
21
(1 row)
day : 一个月里的第几天[code]
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(day from interval '40 days 3 hours' ) ;
date_part
-----------
40
(1 row)
[/code] decade : 10年期 ,第几个10年
postgres=# select extract(decade from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
201
(1 row)
dow 一周里的第几天 (sunday =0 saturday=6)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-23 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
doy : 一年里的第几天 (1-365/366)
postgres=# select extract(doy from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
202
(1 row)
hour: 一天里小时数(0-23)
postgres=# SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2013-07-21 09:15:23');
date_part
-----------
9
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(hour from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
注意这里,因为我们把'2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) 转为date 类型是没有小时的,所以返回0 ,上面的timestamp 是有小时的,正确返回
isodow : ISO 标准一周的天数 sunday=7 monday=1
postgres=# select extract(isodow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isodow from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
isoyear: ISO 标准的年 : (
ISO标准的纪年是从周一开始,以一月4号之前的周一为新的纪年的开始,跟公元纪年有区别,所以一年的一月份的前几天,或者12月的后几天可能会跟公元纪年法有区别:
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2013-01-01'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2012-12-31'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(isoyear from '2012-12-30'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
2012
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(dow from '2012-12-31'::date) ;
date_part
-----------
1
(1 row)
microseconds: 微秒
用微秒标识的 秒 的部分,包括后面小数部分:
postgres=# select extract(microseconds from interval '3 days 5 mins 3.5 sec') ;
date_part
-----------
3500000
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(microseconds from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp)
postgres-# ;
date_part
-----------
23000000
(1 row)
millennium : 千禧年 ,千年纪年
目前是21世纪,第3个千禧年
postgres=# select extract(millennium from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
3
(1 row)
minute: 分钟(0-59)
postgres=# select extract(minute from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
15
(1 row)
month : 月份 对timestamp 类型 返回1-12, 对interval 类型返回0-11
postgres=# select extract(month from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 7 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 12 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
0
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(month from interval ' 11 months 5 days' ) ;
date_part
-----------
11
(1 row)
quarter : 季度
postgres=# select extract(quarter from '2013-07-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
3
(1 row)
postgres=# select extract(quarter from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
2
(1 row)
second : 秒 (0-59)
postgres=# select extract(second from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
23
(1 row)
week : 周记
postgres=# select extract(week from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
25
(1 row)
year: 年纪
postgres=# select extract(year from '2013-06-21 09:15:23'::timestamp) ;
date_part
-----------
2013
(1 row)