AndroidStudio-3.2.1（十六）URLConnection与HttpClient的使用

本篇介绍android中http通信技术，包括URLConnection与HttpClient的Get/Post方法，以及发送Json数据。

前戏操作：
1、在配置文件中添加访问网络的权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

2、android的网络请求必须通过异步请求的方式，否则会报错“android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException”。因为系统认为这是一个耗时操作，放在主线程会导致界面卡顿。

URLConnection

我们使用URLConnection去请求豆瓣提供的访问api，获取北京热映电影列表：
https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters?city=北京&start=0&count=10

Get方式请求：

 @SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak") AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void> asyncTask = new AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void>() {
    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL(strings[0]);
            URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();//打开连接
			//读取结果
            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(isr);
            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            bufferedReader.close();
            isr.close();
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    asyncTask.execute("https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters?city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&start=0&total=1&count=10");

Post方式请求：

    @SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak") AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void> asyncTask2 = new AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void>() {
        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
            try {
                URL url = new URL(strings[0]);
                HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                connection.setDoOutput(true);
                connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                //设置参数
                OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
                OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
                BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
                bw.write("city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&start=30&count=10");
                bw.flush();
				//读取结果
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(isr);
                String line;
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    System.out.println(line);
                }
                bufferedReader.close();
                isr.close();
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    };
    asyncTask2.execute("https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters");

HttpClient

HttpClient不是android原生的Http通信技术，由apache提供并集成到android中的，但是有些这样那样的原因，一直分分合合。如果想使用HttpClient，必须在app的build.gradle中添加引用：

android{
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}

HttpClient是个接口，需要实例化：

 httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

使用的时候，发现DefaultHttpClient过时了，替代方法是 HttpClientBuilder 或CloseableHttpClient。如果使用这俩货，还得额外引用jar包。所以拉倒。

Get方式请求：

    @SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak") AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void> asyncTask3 = new AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void>() {
        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
            try {
                String url = strings[0];
                HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
                get.setHeader("User-Agent","");//必须设置，模拟浏览器的请求
                HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println(result);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    };
    String request = "https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters?city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&start=20&total=1&count=11";
    asyncTask3.execute(request);

Post方式请求：

    @SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak") AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void> asyncTask4 = new AsyncTask<String, Integer, Void>() {
        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
            try {
                String url = strings[0];
                HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
//              StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(strings[1]);
//              post.setEntity(entity);//这样设置条件无效
                List<BasicNameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>();//使用键值对
                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("city", "%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC"));
                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("start", "28"));
                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("count", "9"));
                post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list));
                post.setHeader("User-Agent", "");//不赋值也可以 ，但是必须有这个header
                HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println(result);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    };
    asyncTask4.execute("https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters", "city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&start=28&count=10");

URLConnection提交Json数据到rest服务

我先用wcf搭建了一个rest风格的web服务，接收json数据：
http://192.168.0.102/wcfrest/Service1.svc/SaveStudent
提交json数据的格式为：{“Birthday”:“1987/10/12”,“Age”:25,“Name”:“八神”}
具体代码：注意该方法的调用必须放到异步中执行。

  public static String doJsonPost(String urlPath, String Json) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlPath);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //设置请求参数
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json; charset=UTF-8");// 设置文件类型:
            // 设置接收类型否则返回415错误
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept","application/json");
            // 往服务器里面发送数据
            if (Json != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(Json)) {
                byte[] writebytes = Json.getBytes();
                // 设置文件长度
                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(writebytes.length));
                OutputStream outwritestream = conn.getOutputStream();
                outwritestream.write(Json.getBytes());
                outwritestream.flush();//发送数据
                outwritestream.close();
                System.out.println("doJsonPost-ResponseCode:"+conn.getResponseCode());
            }
            if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
                while((result = reader.readLine())!=null){
                    System.out.println(result);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(connection!=null){
                connection.disconnect();
        }
        return result;
    }