Spring Batch学习及Demo项目

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本文档详细介绍了如何使用SpringBatch进行批处理,包括创建项目、配置数据源、定义读取器、处理器和写入器,以及设置任务监听器和作业。通过一个CSV文件导入数据到数据库的例子,展示了批处理的完整流程。
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Author: histonevon@zohomail.com

Date: 2023/07/14

  • 本文档配套仓库:https://github.com/HistoneVon/springBatchOfficialDemo
  • 原文地址:https://histonevon.top/archives/spring-batch-demo
  • 本文档基于Spring官方文档:Getting Started | Creating a Batch Service (spring.io)
  • Spring Batch官方仓库:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-batch
  • 官方提供的本Demo项目:https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-batch-processing

准备工作

  • 由于官方文档数据库基于HyperSQL,故先使用HyperSQL,后边再使用Oracle
  • Spring Batch架构图,来自官网

Figure 1.1: Spring Batch Layered Architecture

创建项目并准备数据

  • 使用Spring Initializr创建项目

    • 选择Maven
    • 添加Dependencies:Spring Batch HyperSQL Database
    • Generate生成项目
  • 创建src/main/resources/sample-data.csv文件,内容如下

    Jill,Doe
    Joe,Doe
    Justin,Doe
    Jane,Doe
    John,Doe
    

    image-20230717100645320

  • Spring无需自定义即可处理csv文件

  • 创建src/main/resources/schema-all.sql用于存储数据的表,如下

    DROP TABLE people IF EXISTS;
    
    CREATE TABLE people
    (
        person_id  BIGINT IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        first_name VARCHAR(20),
        last_name  VARCHAR(20)
    );
    

    image-20230717101919628

  • 官网:Spring Boot runs schema-@@platform@@.sql automatically during startup. -all is the default for all platforms.(命名规则)

编写批处理程序

创建Business类

  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/Person.java
package com.example.springbatchofficialdemo;

/**
 * @author Histone Von fengclchn@outlook.com
 * @createdBy histonevon
 * @date 2023/7/17 10:16
 */

public class Person {

    private String lastName;
    private String firstName;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "firstName: " + firstName + ", lastName: " + lastName;
    }

}

创建中间处理器

  • 中间处理器(Intermediate Processor)
  • 批处理常见流程:引入数据,转换数据,然后将其传输到其他位置
  • 本例转换为:将名字转换为大写
  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/PersonItemProcessor.java
  • 官网:The input and output types need not be the same. In fact, after one source of data is read, sometimes the application’s data flow needs a different data type.(输入输出类型不必相同)
package com.example.springbatchofficialdemo;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemProcessor;

/**
 * @author Histone Von fengclchn@outlook.com
 * @createdBy histonevon
 * @date 2023/7/17 10:32
 */

public class PersonItemProcessor implements ItemProcessor<Person, Person> {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonItemProcessor.class);

    @Override
    public Person process(final Person person) throws Exception {
        final String firstName = person.getFirstName().toUpperCase();
        final String lastName = person.getLastName().toUpperCase();

        final Person transformedPerson = new Person(firstName, lastName);

        log.info("Converting (" + person + ") into (" + transformedPerson + ")");

        return transformedPerson;
    }

}

配置批处理作业

  • 官网:将实际的批处理作业放在一起
  • Spring Batch提供了许多实用程序类,可以减少编写自定义代码的需要,专注于业务逻辑
  • 要配置作业,必须首先创建一个Spring类,带有@Configuration注解
  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/BatchConfiguration.java,如以下示例所示
  • 此示例使用基于内存的数据库,这意味着,完成后,数据将消失
  • 类中以@bean定义读取器、处理器和写入器
package com.example.springbatchofficialdemo;

import org.springframework.batch.item.database.BeanPropertyItemSqlParameterSourceProvider;
import org.springframework.batch.item.database.JdbcBatchItemWriter;
import org.springframework.batch.item.database.builder.JdbcBatchItemWriterBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.item.file.FlatFileItemReader;
import org.springframework.batch.item.file.builder.FlatFileItemReaderBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.item.file.mapping.BeanWrapperFieldSetMapper;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @author Histone Von fengclchn@outlook.com
 * @createdBy histonevon
 * @date 2023/7/17 11:06
 */

@Configuration
public class BatchConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public FlatFileItemReader<Person> reader() {
        return new FlatFileItemReaderBuilder<Person>()
                .name("personItemReader")
                .resource(new ClassPathResource("sample-data.csv")) // 读取数据的来源,这里表示在类路径的resources目录下的sample-data.csv文件
                .delimited() // 指定每行的数据字段的分割符为 ,(默认)
                .names("firstName", "lastName") // 将分割的字段映射到 firstName 和 lastName 属性字段
                .fieldSetMapper(new BeanWrapperFieldSetMapper<Person>() {{
                    setTargetType(Person.class);
                }}) // 这些分割的属性字段对应的类
                // 使用 {{}} 的方式来将初始化的 BeanWrapperFieldSetMapper 调用 setTargetType 方法
                // 可能是一个比较简洁的方式,但这种方式可能会导致内存泄漏
                // java双大括号语法:https://www.cnblogs.com/vipstone/p/12937582.html
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public PersonItemProcessor processor() {
        return new PersonItemProcessor();
    }

    @Bean
    public JdbcBatchItemWriter<Person> writer(DataSource dataSource) { // 由于这里的写出是写入的数据库中,因此采用 JdbcBatchItemWriter 的实现类进行写出
        return new JdbcBatchItemWriterBuilder<Person>() // 以构建者模式的方式创建 JdbcBatchItemWriter 实例对象
                .itemSqlParameterSourceProvider(
                        new BeanPropertyItemSqlParameterSourceProvider<>() // 提供执行相关 SQL 需要的参数
                )
                .sql("INSERT INTO people (first_name, last_name) VALUES (:firstName, :lastName)") // 写入数据库中具体执行的 SQL
                .dataSource(dataSource) // 设置数据源,这个对象可以手动创建,但是一般在配置相关的 datasource 属性之后,Spring 会自动生成这个类型的 Bean
                .build();
    }
}

  • 如果使用官方的代码可能会有如下警告⚠️Redundant array creation for calling varargs method
  • 即:用于调用可变参数方法而创建的数组是冗余的
  • 这是由于Java中的可变参数是使用数组实现的,我们可以直接向函数(如此处的names)直接传递多个符合数据类型的参数,也可以显式声明一个相应数据类型的数组(有时候这样看起来会更加清晰)

image-20230717134838188

image-20230717135158659

image-20230717134919331

  • 此代码块定义输入、处理、输出
  • reader()创建一个ItemReader,它查找一个名为sample-data.csv的文件,使用足够的信息解析每一行记录并将其转换为一个Person对象
  • processor()创建一个PersonItemProcessor实例,用于将数据转换为大写
  • writer(DataSource)创建一个ItemWriter,此处针对JDBC目标,并自动获取一个由@EnableBatchProcessing创建的数据源的副本,包括插入单个Person且由Java Bean属性驱动的SQL语句
  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/BatchConfiguration.java加入以下代码,配置步骤
    @Bean
    public Step step1(JdbcBatchItemWriter<Person> writer) { // Step 类是批处理任务的执行单元
        // return new StepBuilder("step1")
        return stepBuilderFactory.get("step1")
                .<Person, Person>chunk(10) // 这个Step一次处理的数据的数量,前缀<I, O>泛型表示的含义与Item Process中的一致,因此这里两个泛型都设置为Person
                .reader(reader()) // 数据的读取部分
                .processor(processor()) // 数据的读取部分
                .writer(writer) // 写出部分,由于 writer 需要注入 DataSource 对象,因此直接作为一个注入参数参数并使用会更加方便;
                // 当然,reader 和 process 也可以通过注入参数的方式直接使用,因为它们都被定义成了 Spring 中的 Bean
                .build();
    }
  • step1方法定义单个步骤,作业(Job)是从步骤构建的,其中每个步骤都可能涉及读取器、处理器和写入器

任务执行监听器

  • 批处理配置的最后一步是在作业完成时获得通知
  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/JobCompletionNotificationListener.java
  • JobCompletionNotificationListener侦听作业何时为BatchStatus.COMPLETE,然后使用JdbcTemplate检查结果
package com.example.springbatchofficialdemo;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author Histone Von fengclchn@outlook.com
 * @createdBy histonevon
 * @date 2023/7/17 14:50
 */

@Component
public class JobCompletionNotificationListener implements JobExecutionListener {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobCompletionNotificationListener.class);

    private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Autowired
    public JobCompletionNotificationListener(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    @Override
    public void beforeJob(JobExecution jobExecution) { // 执行任务之前的一些操作
        log.info("JOB READY! Look at this");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterJob(JobExecution jobExecution) { // 在任务执行完成之后执行的一些操作,这里是执行完成之后查询写入到数据库中的结果
        if (jobExecution.getStatus() == BatchStatus.COMPLETED) {
            log.info("JOB FINISHED! Time to verify the results");

            jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT first_name, last_name FROM people",
                    (rs, row) -> new Person(
                            rs.getString(1),
                            rs.getString(2))
            ).forEach(person -> log.info("Found <{{}}> in the database.", person));
        }
    }
}

创建Job

  • 批处理的最顶层的抽象便是 JobJob 是一个批处理任务,现在整合上文的内容,创建一个 Job
  • src/main/java/com/example/springbatchofficialdemo/BatchConfiguration.java加入以下代码,配置作业
    @Bean
    public Job importUserJob(JobCompletionNotificationListener listener, Step step1) {
        // return new JobBuilder("importUserJob")
        return jobBuilderFactory.get("importUserJob")
                .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer()) // 增加这个 Job 的参数信息
                .listener(listener) // 添加之前创建的任务执行监听器,使得在任务开始和结束时执行相应的操作
                .flow(step1) // 添加上文定义的 step1 处理
                .end() // 添加上文定义的 step1 处理
                .build();
    }
  • 如果想要添加多个 Step,那么可以按照下面的方式进行添加
@Bean(name = "importUserJob")
public Job importUserJob(JobCompletionNotificationListener listener) {
    return jobBuilderFactory
        .get("importUserJob")
        .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())
        .listener(listener)
        .start(step1) // 定义的 step1
        .next(step2) // 定义的 step2
        .build();
}
  • 值得注意的是,由于上文定义的任务执行监听器监听的是任务(即 Job) 的状态,因此当添加多个 Step 时,只有在完成最后的 Step 之后才会触发这个事件监听

执行程序

  • 一定要在运行入口添加@EnableBatchProcessing注解
    • 这个注解的作用,和Spring家庭中的@Enable*系列注解功能很类似,顾名思义,就是让我们可以运行Spring Batch。
    • 在配置类上打上这个注解,Spring会自动帮我们生成一系列与Spring Batch运行有关的bean,并交给Spring容器管理,而当我们需要这些beans时,只需要用一个@Autowired就可以实现注入了。
    • 如果不添加,则会找不到jobBuilderFactorystepBuilderFactory
package com.example.springbatchofficialdemo;

import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.EnableBatchProcessing;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author histonevon
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableBatchProcessing
public class SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.exit(SpringApplication.exit(SpringApplication.run(SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication.class, args)));
    }

}

Maven打包
  • 本文创建一个单机程序而非一个Web项目来演示,将程序打包成jar包(命令行或直接使用IDEA)
./mvnw clean package

image-20230717162256278

image-20230717162436381

image-20230717162448137

  • 打出的包不能运行,试过查看pom.xml中已经配置主类,暂不知为何

image-20230717164932038

image-20230717165032725

直接运行
  • 直接运行SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication也可以

image-20230717161638967

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_321.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true -Dmanagement.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=* -javaagent:/Users/histonevon/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/IDEA-U/ch-0/231.9225.16/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=58973:/Users/histonevon/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/IDEA-U/ch-0/231.9225.16/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath 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com.example.springbatchofficialdemo.SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication

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( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
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  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.6.13)

2023-07-17 16:14:42.197  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication : Starting SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication using Java 1.8.0_321 on fengchalindeAir with PID 56757 (/Users/histonevon/Workspace/JavaProjects/springBatchOfficialDemo/target/classes started by histonevon in /Users/histonevon/Workspace/JavaProjects/springBatchOfficialDemo)
2023-07-17 16:14:42.201  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-07-17 16:14:42.886  INFO 56757 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-07-17 16:14:43.150  INFO 56757 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase          : HikariPool-1 - Driver does not support get/set network timeout for connections. (feature not supported)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.152  INFO 56757 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.328  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.r.s.JobRepositoryFactoryBean     : No database type set, using meta data indicating: HSQL
2023-07-17 16:14:43.378  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.l.support.SimpleJobLauncher      : No TaskExecutor has been set, defaulting to synchronous executor.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.479  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication : Started SpringBatchOfficialDemoApplication in 1.579 seconds (JVM running for 2.155)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.483  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.b.JobLauncherApplicationRunner   : Running default command line with: []
2023-07-17 16:14:43.521  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.l.support.SimpleJobLauncher      : Job: [FlowJob: [name=importUserJob]] launched with the following parameters: [{run.id=1}]
2023-07-17 16:14:43.534  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : JOB READY! Look at this
2023-07-17 16:14:43.534  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : HikariDataSource (HikariPool-1)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.545  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.batch.core.job.SimpleStepHandler     : Executing step: [step1]
2023-07-17 16:14:43.567  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.PersonItemProcessor                : Converting (firstName: Jill, lastName: Doe) into (firstName: JILL, lastName: DOE)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.567  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.PersonItemProcessor                : Converting (firstName: Joe, lastName: Doe) into (firstName: JOE, lastName: DOE)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.567  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.PersonItemProcessor                : Converting (firstName: Justin, lastName: Doe) into (firstName: JUSTIN, lastName: DOE)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.567  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.PersonItemProcessor                : Converting (firstName: Jane, lastName: Doe) into (firstName: JANE, lastName: DOE)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.567  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.PersonItemProcessor                : Converting (firstName: John, lastName: Doe) into (firstName: JOHN, lastName: DOE)
2023-07-17 16:14:43.574  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.batch.core.step.AbstractStep         : Step: [step1] executed in 28ms
2023-07-17 16:14:43.581  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : JOB FINISHED! Time to verify the results
2023-07-17 16:14:43.583  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : Found <{firstName: JILL, lastName: DOE}> in the database.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.583  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : Found <{firstName: JOE, lastName: DOE}> in the database.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.583  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : Found <{firstName: JUSTIN, lastName: DOE}> in the database.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.583  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : Found <{firstName: JANE, lastName: DOE}> in the database.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.583  INFO 56757 --- [           main] c.e.s.JobCompletionNotificationListener  : Found <{firstName: JOHN, lastName: DOE}> in the database.
2023-07-17 16:14:43.586  INFO 56757 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.l.support.SimpleJobLauncher      : Job: [FlowJob: [name=importUserJob]] completed with the following parameters: [{run.id=1}] and the following status: [COMPLETED] in 49ms
2023-07-17 16:14:43.593  INFO 56757 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-07-17 16:14:43.594  INFO 56757 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.

Process finished with exit code 0

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