解析java中向下转型和向上转型

解析java中向下转型和向上转型

前提

两个类必须具备父子关系

1 向上转型

1.1 内容

a 子类的实例化对象赋值给父类型引用

b 父类型引用指向子类型的实例化对象

1.2 为什么要用?

为了实现多态功能

1.3 如何用?

1.3.1 语法

父类型 父类型对象=new 子类型();
如Animal animal01=new Dog();
//其中Dog类是Animal的一个子类

1.3.2 示例代码

Animal01

package Work;

public class Animal01 {
    private String name;
    //姓名
    private int age;
    //年龄
    private String sex;
    //性别

    public Animal01() {
    }

    public Animal01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public void say(){
        System.out.println("动物在说话!!!!");
    }


}

Dog01

package Work;
public class Dog01 extends Animal01{
    public Dog01() {
    }

    public Dog01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        super(name, age, sex);
    }

    @Override
    public void say() {
        System.out.println("汪汪汪");
    }
}

Cat01

package Work;

public class Cat01 extends  Animal01{
    public Cat01() {
    }

    public Cat01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        super(name, age, sex);
    }
    @Override
    public void say() {
        System.out.println("喵喵喵");
    }
}

Test

package Work;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Animal01 animal01=new Cat01();
       Animal01 animal02=new Dog01();
       animal01.say();
       animal02.say();
    }
}

1.3.3 示例代码运行截图

2 向下转型

2.1 内容

父类型对象强转成子类型,然后把结果赋值给子类型对象

2.2 为什么要用?

使用多态后,为了使其独有的方法能够被调用

2.3 如何用?

2.3.1 语法

子类型 子类型对象=(子类型(父类型对象))
如Animal animal01=new Dog();
 Dog dog01=((Dog)animal01);
//其中Dog类是Animal的一个子类

2.3.2 示例代码

Animal01

package Work;

public class Animal01 {
    private String name;
    //姓名
    private int age;
    //年龄
    private String sex;
    //性别

    public Animal01() {
    }

    public Animal01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public void action(){
        //this就是谁调用,代表是谁
        if(this instanceof Dog01){
            ((Dog01)this).guardDoor();
        }else if(this instanceof Cat01){
            ((Cat01)this).catchMouse();
        }
    }


}

Dog01

package Work;
public class Dog01 extends Animal01{
    public Dog01() {
    }

    public Dog01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        super(name, age, sex);
    }
    public void guardDoor(){
        System.out.println("狗狗在看门!!!");
    }
}

Cat01

package Work;

public class Cat01 extends  Animal01{
    public Cat01() {
    }

    public Cat01(String name, int age, String sex) {
        super(name, age, sex);
    }
    public void catchMouse(){
        System.out.println("猫咪在捉老鼠!!!");
    }
}

Test

package Work;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Animal01 animal01=new Cat01();
       Animal01 animal02=new Dog01();
       animal01.action();
       animal02.action();
    }
}

2.3.3 示例代码运行截图