1、MHA基本知识和工作原理
目前MHA主要支持一主多从的架构,要搭建MHA,要求一个复制集群中必须最少有三台数据库服务器,一主二从,即一台充当master,一台充当备用master,另外一台充当从库,因为至少需要三台服务器,出于机器成本的考虑淘宝也在该基础上进行了改造,目前淘宝TMHA已经支持一主一从。
(1)需要奇数个节点
(2)当一个master节点挂掉之后投票选出一个新的master,偶数个节点会出现票数相同的状况,但奇数个就不会
(3)所有数据节点的数据一致,每一台数据节点都有可能作为master
(4)每个节点都要安装master和slave插件;
当master节点挂了之后,一般选出数据最近的slave节点作为新的master节点
数据最近指的是数据的差异性小
2、实验环境
主机名 | IP | 角色 |
---|---|---|
server1 | 172.25.27.101 | master |
server2 | 172.25.27.102 | slave(备master) |
server3 | 172.25.27.103 | slave |
server4 | 172.25.27.104 | MHA |
3、开始配置
server1配置
[root@server1 mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
加入一下内容:
29 server-id=1
30 gtid_mode=ON
31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
32 log_bin=binlog
33 log_slave_updates=ON
[root@server1 mysql]# pwd
/var/lib/mysql
[root@server1 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server1 mysql]# ls
[root@server1 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server1 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@server1 mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'ZHAOjun@123';
mysql> show databases;
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@'172.25.27.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'ZHAOjun@123';
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
server2配置
[root@server2 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@server2 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# ls
[root@server2 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server2 mysql]# ls
[root@server2 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
加入:
server-id = 2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
[root@server2 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server2 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Yan+123kou';
mysql> show databases;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.27.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='ZHAOjun@123',MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> START SLAVE;
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
server3配置
[root@server3 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@server3 ~]# cd /var/lib
[root@server3 lib]# cd mysql
[root@server3 mysql]# ls
[root@server3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
加入:
server-id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
[root@server3 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server3 mysql]# ls
[root@server3 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server3 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Yan+123kou';
mysql> show databases;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.27.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='ZHAOjun@123',MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> START SLAVE;
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
4、测试主从复制
server1
mysql> create database redhat;
mysql> use redhat;
mysql> create table usertb (
-> username varchar(10) not null,
-> password varchar(15) not null);
mysql> insert into usertb values ('user1','123');
mysql> select * from usertb;
server2,server3
mysql> select * from redhat.usertb;
5、手动实现一个master坏了选举出新的master
1、server4上需要安装软件
yum install *.rpm 将以下软件全部安装
mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Email-Date-Format-1.002-15.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.41-1.el7.1.noarch.rpm
perl-Mail-Sender-0.8.23-1.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Mail-Sendmail-0.79-21.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-MIME-Lite-3.030-1.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-MIME-Types-1.38-2.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Parallel-ForkManager-1.18-2.el7.noarch.rpm
2、生成ssh密钥,实现免密
注意做好解析
互相免密:在server4上边操作
server4能免密登陆其他用户
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id server1
ssh-copy-id server2
ssh-copy-id server3
server1,server2,server3之间也能实现免密连接
scp -r ~/.ssh server1
scp -r ~/.ssh server2
scp -r ~/.ssh server3
3、将节点安装包传送给数据节点并安装
[root@server4 ~]# ls
MHA-7
[root@server4 ~]# cd MHA-7/
[root@server4 MHA-7]# ls
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp -r mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server1:/root/
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp -r mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server2:/root/
[root@server4 MHA-7]# scp -r mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server3:/root/
#安装
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@server2 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@server3 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
4、管理节点创建一个目录,编辑配置文件
mkdir /etc/masterha
vim /etc/masterha
[server default]
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha
manager_log=/var/log/masterha.log
master_binlog_dir=/etc/masterha
password=ZHAOjun@123
user=root
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=ZHAOjun@123
repl_user=repl
ssh_user=root
[server1]
hostname=172.25.27.101
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=172.25.27.102
port=3306
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=172.25.27.103
port=3306
no_master=1
5、做ssh检测
server4:
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/master.cnf SSH检测
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/master.cnf repl检测
6、数据节点授权
server1
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'ZHAOjun@123';
server2,server3:只读
mysql> set global read_only=1;
7、手动替换master节点
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_master_switch --master_state=dead
--conf=/etc/masterha/master.cnf --dead_master_host=172.25.27.101
--dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=172.25.27.102 --new_master_port=3306
开启server1的master服务,将他的master改为server2
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='172.25.27.102',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='ZHAOjun@123'
,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;## 打开slave
测试:
server1:
mysql> show slave status\G;
server2:查看不出来,因为它已经是当前的,master
mysql> show slave status\G;
server3:
mysql> show slave status\G;
8、手动实现所有数据库在线的时候切换master节点
[root@server4 ~]# cd /etc/masterha/
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
[root@server4 masterha]# rm -fr master.failover.complete
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
输入命令自动替换
[root@server4 masterha]#masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/master.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.25.27.101 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
测试:
server1: 查看不到
mysql> mysql> show slave status\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
server2和server3: master是server1
mysql> mysql> show slave status\G;
9、手动切换VIP漂移
server4上创建一个检测进程
[root@server4 masterha]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/zp.cnf &> /dev/null &
[root@server4 masterha]# ps ax
server1上关掉mysql数据库
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
server4上监控进程停止
server2上查看不到,已经变成新的master
show slave master\G;
server3上查看到master是server2
server1重新开启master,改为slave
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.27.102',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='ZHAOjun@123',MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;打开slave
10、通过脚本实现vip自动漂移
编辑配置文件,加入以下内容:
master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
修改两个脚本内容
给两个脚本加上可执行权限
给server2(当前master)上添加一个vip
server4 手动切换master到server1
[root@server4 bin]# masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/master.cnf
--master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.25.27.101 --new_master_port=3306
--orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
查看结果
server1可以查看到vip
server2上的vip自动删除
11、脚本实现自动切换master
删除故障文件:
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
zp.cnf zp.failover.complete
[root@server4 masterha]# rm -rf zp.failover.complete
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
zp.cnf
创建监控master的进程
[root@server4 masterha]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/zp.cnf &> /dev/null &
[root@server4 masterha]# ps ax
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
监控master的进程挂掉
测试
server2可以查看到vip
server3查看到master是server2
注意:每一次切换都会生成一个master.failover.complete文件(简称故障文件),要将这个文件删除,否则会出错
创建一个监控master的进程,这个进程会实时监控master节点的状态,一旦master节点出现故障(宕机)
server4(管理节点)就会自动执行/usr/local/bin下的两个脚本,在正常运行的节点中选择一个最新的来作为新的master节点
同时当前的进程更会挂掉,因为他监控的master已经不再当前集群