一、Tomcat简介
- 最初是由sun的软件架构师詹姆斯·邓肯·戴维森开发
- 安装Tomcat后,安装路径下面的目录和文件,是使用或者配置Tomcat的重要文件
二、负载均衡、动静分离原理
-
standalone模式,Tomcat单独运行,直接接受用户的请求,不推荐。
反向代理,单机运行,提供了一个Nginx作为反向代理,可以做到静态由nginx提供响应,动态jsp
代理给Tomcat
-
LNMT:Linux + Nginx + MySQL + Tomcat
LAMT:Linux + Apache(Httpd)+ MySQL + Tomcat
前置一台Nginx,给多台Tomcat实例做反向代理和负载均衡调度,Tomcat上部署的纯动态页面更
适合
LNMT:Linux + Nginx + MySQL + Tomcat
-
多级代理
LNNMT:Linux + Nginx + Nginx + MySQL + Tomcat
动态服务器的问题,往往就是并发能力太弱,往往需要多台动态服务器一起提供服务。如何把并发的压
力分摊,这就需要调度,采用一定的调度策略,将请求分发给不同的服务器,这就是Load Balance负载
均衡。
当单机Tomcat,演化出多机多级部署的时候,一个问题便凸显出来,这就是Session。而这个问题的由
来,都是由于HTTP协议在设计之初没有想到未来的发展。
三、部署一台ngnix负载均衡器
环境简介:
ngnix:192.168.111.52
tomcat1:192.168.111.50
tomcat2:192.168.111.51
#关闭防火墙及selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
#上传安装包
nginx-1.12.0.tar(1).gz
#解压
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.0.tar\(1\).gz
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.0/
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
#安装依赖关系包
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#新建用户 和组便于管理
#进入目录编译安装
#配置参数解释
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
#安装路径
--user=nginx \
#指定用户名
--group=nginx \
#指定用户组
--with-http_stub_status_module
#启用此模块支持状态统计
--with-file-aio
#启用文件修改支持
--with-http_gzip_static_module
#启用gzip静态压缩
--with-http_flv_module
#启用flv模块,提供对flv视频流的支持
--with-http_ssl_module
#启用ssl模块,提供ssl加密功能
--without
#关闭模块 用的时候将with换成without
#编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module
make && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
#建立软连接
vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
##配置参数解释##
[Unit]
Description=nginx ####描述
After=network.target ####描述服务类别
[Service]
Type=forking ###后台运行形式
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ###PID文件位置
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ###启动服务
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ###根据PID重载配置
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID ###根据PID终止进程
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost nginx]# systemctl daemon-reload
#重启nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# systemctl start nginx.service
#开启nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ss -ntap|grep 80
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=7011,fd=6),("nginx",pid=7010,fd=6))
在浏览器上验证
http://192.168.111.52/
四、部署两台tomcat
方法一:
#关闭防火墙
#selinux
#上传安装包
[root@localhost opt]#tar zxf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]#java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_131"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b12, mixed mode)
[root@localhost opt]#mv jdk1.8.0_91/ /usr/local/
[root@localhost opt]#cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]#ls
bin games jdk1.8.0_91 lib64 sbin src
etc include lib libexec share
[root@localhost local]#vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost local]#source /etc/profile
[root@localhost opt]#cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]#./bin/startup.sh
[root@localhost tomcat]#netstat -ntap |grep 8080
[root@localhost tomcat]#cd webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]#ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
[root@localhost webapps]#mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]#vim test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<tile>JSP test1 page </title>
</head>
<boby>
<% out.println("动态页面1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</boby>
</html>
[root@localhost tomcat]#vim conf/server.xml
[root@localhost ~]#rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]#vim /etc/profile
#添加环境变量
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]#source /etc/profile
#刷新配置文件
动静分离配置
#tomcat1页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page </title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false"
xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test"
path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
[root@localhost tomcat]#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
#启动tomcat
#tomcat2页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<tile>JSP test2 page </title>
</head>
<boby>
<% out.println("动态页面2,http://www.test2.com");%>
</boby>
</html>
<Host name="www.kgc.com" appBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false"
xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test"
path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
[root@localhost tomcat]#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
方法二:
#关闭防火墙及selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
#上传安装包
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
#安装jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# vim /etc/profile
#添加坏境变量 加到文件末尾
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
查看java 版本
[root@localhost opt]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_131"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b12, mixed mode)
刷新/etc/profile配置文件
[root@localhost opt]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost opt]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_201"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
解压
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
动静分离配置
###Tomcat1
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# vim test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page </title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost webapps]# cd ..
[root@localhost tomcat]# vim conf/server.xml
###将文件末尾原来的<host
......
</host>删掉
然后插入下面这段:
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false"
xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test"
path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
[root@localhost tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -ntap|grep 8080
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",pid=8205,fd=54))
在浏览器上验证
http://192.168.111.50:8080/
###Tomcat2
#关闭防火墙及selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
#上传安装包
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
安装jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# vim /etc/profile
##在文件末尾 添加坏境变量
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
##刷新
[root@localhost opt]# source /etc/profile
##查看java版本
[root@localhost opt]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_201"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
##解压
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# vim test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page </title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面2,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost webapps]# vim ../conf/server.xml
###将文件末尾原来的<host
......
</host>删掉
然后插入下面这段:
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false"
xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test"
path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
##开启startup.sh
[root@localhost webapps]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
[root@localhost webapps]# ss -ntap|grep 8080
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",pid=8515,fd=54))
在浏览器上验证
http://192.168.111.51:8080/
五、最后再次进行nginx 配置
准备静态页面和图片
[root@localhost nginx]# cd html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# vim test.html
this is test web !!!
拖入一张图片
[root@localhost test]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
#编辑配置文件
#gzip on;
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.91.101:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.91.103:8080 weight=1;
}
#配置负载均衡服务器列表,weight参数表示权重,权重越高,被分配到的概率越大
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.kgc.com
location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~* .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|html)$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/test;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm; }
}
[root@localhost nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx]# systemctl restart nginx.service
#验证
http://192.168.111.52/1.jpg //后缀1.jpg是托进去的照片名字
http://192.168.111.52/test.html
http://192.168.111.52/index.jsp