一,SAX的概述
SAX(XML的简单API)是一种XML解析的替代方法。相比于DOM,SAX是一种速度更快,更有效的方法。它逐行扫描文档,一边扫描一边解析。而且相比于DOM ,SAX可以在解析文档的任意时刻停止解析,但任何事物都有其相反的一面,对于SAX来说就是操作复杂。
-
SAX的优点:
- 解析速度快
- 占用内存少
-
SAX的缺点:
- 无法知道当前解析标签(节点)的上层标签,及其嵌套结构,仅仅知道当前解析的标签的名字和属性,要知道其他信息需要程序猿自己编码
- 只能读取XML,无法修改XML
- 无法随机访问某个标签(节点)
- SAX解析适用场合
- 对于CPU资源宝贵的设备,如安卓等移动设备
- 对于只需从XML读取信息而无需修改XML
二,SAX解析的步骤
解析步骤可分为五步:
1,获得sax解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
2,解析工厂生产sax解析器
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
3,根据解析工厂创建读取器
XMLReader xmlReader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
4,根据读取器设置事件处理器
xmlReader.setContentHandler(new MyHandler());
setContentHandler方法中的参数是ContentHandler的类型的是一个接口,由于接口不能直接新的对象,使用匿名内部类的办法代码过于冗长,想到使用其实现的子类的DefaultHandler需要实现的方法太多,从事我们应该想到适配器的概念。于是自己创建一个MyHandler类并扩展DefaultHandler覆盖部分方法
.5,解析books.xml文件
xmlReader.parse(“xml / books.xml”);
三,实现代码
(一)
Books.xml的代码:
自定义SAX解析器:
public class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private List<Bookorder> bookOrderList;
Bookorder bookOrder;
String text;
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.startDocument();
System.out.println("books.xml文档开始解析...");
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.endDocument();
System.out.println("books.xml文档解析结束...");
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
System.out.print("<" + qName);
//解析属性
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.print(" " + attributes.getLocalName(i) + "=\""+ attributes.getValue(i) + "\"");
}
System.out.print(">");
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
System.out.print("</" + qName + ">");
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.characters(ch, start, length);
//打印标签中的内容,按格式输出
System.out.print(new String(ch, start, length));
}
}
测试解析XML文件:
//1、获得sax解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
//2、解析工厂生产sax解析器
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
//3、根据解析工厂创建读取器
XMLReader xmlReader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
//4、根据读取器设置事件处理器
xmlReader.setContentHandler(new MyHandler2());
//5、解析books.xml文件
xmlReader.parse("xml/books.xml");
解析结果:
(二)解析XML文档并将其封装在JavaBean的对象中
的books.xml文档:
编写JavaBean的代码
Bookorder1对象
package saxBean;
public class Bookorder1 {
private String id;
private String name;
private String author;
private String price;
public String getPrice() {
return price;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Bookorder1 [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", author=" + author + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
自定义解析器:
package com.syj.sax;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import saxBean.Bookorder1;
public class MyHandler1 extends DefaultHandler {
private List<Bookorder1> bookOrderList;
private Bookorder1 bookOrder;
private String text;
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.startDocument();
System.out.println("books.xml文档开始解析...");
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.endDocument();
for (Bookorder1 bookorder1 : bookOrderList) {
System.out.println(bookorder1);
}
System.out.println("books.xml文档解析结束");
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
if ("books".equals(qName)) {
bookOrderList = new ArrayList<Bookorder1>();
} else if ("book".equals(qName)) {
bookOrder = new Bookorder1();
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
if ("id".equals(qName)) {
bookOrder.setId(text);
} else if ("name".equals(qName)) {
bookOrder.setName(text);
} else if ("author".equals(qName)) {
bookOrder.setAuthor(text);
} else if ("price".equals(qName)) {
bookOrder.setPrice(text);
} else if ("book".equals(qName)) {
bookOrderList.add(bookOrder);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.characters(ch, start, length);
// 打印标签中的内容,按格式输出
text = new String(ch, start, length);
}
}
测试代码:
public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException {
//1、获得sax解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
//2、解析工厂生产sax解析器
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
//3、解析books.xml文件
saxParser.parse("xml/books.xml", new MyHandler1());
}
结果展示: