多线程

线程控制原语

编译：gcc pthread.c -o ph -pthread

pthread_slef() = getpid()
pthread_create() = fork()
pthread_cancel() = kill
pthread_join() = wait()
pthread_exit()
pthread_detach()
pthread_equal()

创建子线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    printf("In thread: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    return NULL;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int res;
    printf("In main 1: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, NULL);
    if (res != 0)
    {
        printf("create thread error!");
        exit(1);
    }
    sleep(1);
    printf("In main 2: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    return 0;
}

循环创建多个子线程

void * 在32位系统中和int占相同的空间，4字节。
如果是64位系统中，void *是8字节，但是大转小是高位补零和高位截取0，不影响数据效果。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    int i = (int)arg;
    sleep(i);
    printf("%dth thread: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", i + 1, pthread_self(), getpid());
    return NULL;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int res, i;

    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, (void *)i);
        if (res != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "create thread error: %s \n", strerror(res));
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    sleep(i);
    return 0;
}

线程共享全局变量

进程不共享全局变量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
int var = 100;
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    var = 200;
    printf("In thread: var = %d\n", var);
    return NULL;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int i, res;
    printf("In main: before create thread var = %d\n", var);
    res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, (void *)i);
    if (res != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "create thread error: %s \n", strerror(res));
        exit(1);
    }
    sleep(1);
    printf("In main: var = %d\n", var);
    return 0;
}

thread_exit函数

单个线程退出，进程调用thread_create后，也变成一个线程。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    printf("In thread: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    return NULL;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int res;
    printf("In main 1: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, NULL);
    if (res != 0)
    {
        printf("create thread error!");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("In main 2: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    pthread_exit((void *)4);
    return 0;
}

thread_join回收子线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    printf("In thread: thread id = %lu, pid = %u\n", pthread_self(), getpid());
    pthread_exit((void *)100);
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int res;

    res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, NULL);
    if (res != 0)
    {
        printf("create thread error!");
        exit(1);
    }
    int *retrival;
    pthread_join(tid, (void **)&retrival);
    printf("---------%d-----\n", (int)retrival);
    pthread_exit((void *)4);
    return 0;
}

回收多个子线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
int var = 100; //全局变量 线程共享
void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    int i = (int)arg;
    sleep(i);
    if (i < 1)
    {
        var = 200;
        printf("I'm %dth thread: thread id = %lu, var = %d\n", i + 1, pthread_self(), var);
        return (void *)var;
    }
    else if (i < 3)
    {
        var = 300;
        printf("I'm %dth thread: thread id = %lu, var = %d\n", i + 1, pthread_self(), var);
        pthread_exit((void *)var);
    }
    else
    {
        var = 400;
        printf("I'm %dth thread: thread id = %lu, var = %d\n", i + 1, pthread_self(), var);
        pthread_exit((void *)var);
    }

    return NULL;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid[5];
    int res, i;
    int *ret[5]; //这里必须是指针数组
    printf("I'm main thread tid = %lu, var = %d\n", pthread_self(), var);
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) //创建多个子线程
    {
        res = pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, thrd_func, (void *)i);
        if (res != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "create thread error: %s \n", strerror(res));
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    //回收多个子线程
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        pthread_join(tid[i], (void **)&ret[i]); //这里要取地址
        printf("-----%d's ret = %d----\n", i + 1, (int)ret[i]);
    }
    printf("I'm main thread tid = %lu, var = %d\n", pthread_self(), var);
    return 0;
}

pthread_detach线程分离

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>

void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{
    int i = (int)arg;
    sleep(i);
    printf("I'm %dth thread, tid = %lu pid = %u\n", i + 1, pthread_self(), getpid());
    pthread_exit((void *)22);
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid[5];
    int res, i;

    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) //创建多个子线程
    {
        res = pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, thrd_func, (void *)i);
        pthread_detach(tid[i]);
    }
    sleep(5);
    return 0;
}

pthread_cancel杀死线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
int i = 0;
void *thrd_func1(void *arg)
{
    printf("I'm %dth thread, tid = %lu pid = %u\n", ++i, pthread_self(), getpid());
    while (1)
    {
        int a = 3;
        int b = a;
        pthread_testcancel(); //自己添加取消点
    }
    return (void *)666;
}

void *thrd_func(void *arg)
{

    printf("I'm %dth thread, tid = %lu pid = %u\n", ++i, pthread_self(), getpid());
    pthread_exit((void *)22);
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    void *ret = NULL;

    //线程1
    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func, NULL);
    pthread_join(tid, &ret); //void**
    printf("thread 1 exit code = %d\n", (int)ret);

    //线程2   死循环 需要手动杀死
    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thrd_func1, NULL);
    sleep(3);
    pthread_cancel(tid); //杀死线程 必须到达取消点
    pthread_join(tid, &ret);
    printf("thread 1 exit code = %d\n", (int)ret);
    return 0;
}

pthread_equal()

判断两个线程ID是否相等