那一夜,练了把 JAVA EE 5 JPA……

买了本《EJB3 in Action》,好长时间了都没看……@_@

……

周日,忽然感觉很郁闷,就随手抽了本书看看,没想到是尘封N久的《EJB3 in Action》……

看看简介,看看目录,觉JPA很有意思,就翻到那章看了起来……

 

很认真的看完了,觉得很有收获,应该是理解差不多了。……夜晚已降临了,先吃点吧,晚上决定玩一把!

 

1、创建实体(标注很强大,有兴趣的可以查看相关EJB3的规范)

    可以自己编写,也可由IDE直接生产,如下:

 

/*

 * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates

 * and open the template in the editor.

 */

 

package com.ex;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Basic;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;

import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;

import javax.persistence.Table;

import javax.persistence.Temporal;

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

 

/**

 *

 * @author C

 */

@Entity

@Table(name = "t_test")

@NamedQueries({@NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findAll", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findById", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.id = :id"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByName", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.name = :name"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByBirthday", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.birthday = :birthday"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByFavorite", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.favorite = :favorite")})

public class TTest implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id

    @Basic(optional = false)

    @Column(name = "id")

    private Integer id;

    @Basic(optional = false)

    @Column(name = "name")

    private String name;

    @Column(name = "birthday")

    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

    private Date birthday;

    @Column(name = "favorite")

    private String favorite;

 

    public TTest() {

    }

 

    public TTest(Integer id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

 

    public TTest(Integer id, String name) {

        this.id = id;

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public Integer getId() {

        return id;

    }

 

    public void setId(Integer id) {

        this.id = id;

    }

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public Date getBirthday() {

        return birthday;

    }

 

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

        this.birthday = birthday;

    }

 

    public String getFavorite() {

        return favorite;

    }

 

    public void setFavorite(String favorite) {

        this.favorite = favorite;

    }

 

    @Override

    public int hashCode() {

        int hash = 0;

        hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0);

        return hash;

    }

 

    @Override

    public boolean equals(Object object) {

        // TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set

        if (!(object instanceof TTest)) {

            return false;

        }

        TTest other = (TTest) object;

        if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {

            return false;

        }

        return true;

    }

 

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "com.ex.TTest[id=" + id + "]";

    }

 

}

2、创建非容器性JPA应用测试

 

/*

 * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates

 * and open the template in the editor.

 */

 

package com.ex;

 

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import javax.persistence.PersistenceUnit;

/**

 *

 * @author C

 */

public class JpaTest {

    @PersistenceUnit(unitName = "NoJTAPU")

    private EntityManagerFactory emf = null;

 

    public JpaTest() {

 

       emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("NoJTAPU");

    }

    public EntityManager getEntityManager() {

        System.out.println("===========begin create EntityManager...");

        System.out.println("===========EntityManagerFactory:========="+emf);

       // return (EntityManager) PersistenceProvider.getEntityManagerSetupImpl("NoJTAPU");

        return emf.createEntityManager();

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        TTest te = new TTest();

        te.setId(101);

        te.setName("SOLO Cui");

        te.setFavorite("D== Films killer");

        te.setBirthday(new Date());

        JpaTest jpa = new JpaTest();

        EntityManager em = null;

        try {

            em = jpa.getEntityManager();

              em.getTransaction().begin();

            em.persist(te);

              em.getTransaction().commit();

        }catch(Exception ex){

            System.out.println("=======Exception:"+ex.getMessage());

        }finally{

            if(em!=null){

                em.close();

            }

        }

    }

}

这里需要注意的是 em.getTransaction().begin()和em.getTransaction().commit()。Toplink的非容器性JPA应用,要自己管理事务,并需要最后关闭em和emf,以释放相关资源

3、编写Persistence.xml——持久化单元配置(我决的这里是关键点)

 

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd">

 

  <persistence-unit name="NoJTAPU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

    <provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>   

    <properties>      

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.driver" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.user" value = "test"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.password" value = "test"/>

    </properties>

  </persistence-unit>

 

</persistence>

重点说明:

  3.1、本持久单元的配置文件在工程中,存放在源代码目录的META-INF下,机构形如下

      -source

        |-META-INF

            |-persistence.xml

       相关配置元素可参考http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd定义

   3.2、配置元素<persistence-unit>可以有多个,必须有个名字,且需唯一,并指定ransaction-type的内容(JTA或RESOURCE_LOCAL),因为本测试并没放在容器中,所有只能配置为RESOURCE_LOCAL;

   3.3、<provider>必须要有,JPA的实现;

  3.4、<properties>    内容请参考Oracle的相关描述,具体参考http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/ias/toplink/JPA/essentials/toplink-jpa-extensions.html#TopLinkJDBC

  3.5、运行,成功!

4、总结

  4.1、JPA很酷!!真的;

  4.2、JPA的实现目前有4类(我知道的):Eclipselink、Openjpa、Toplink以及Hibernate;< provider >的实现可以使用任意一种,这里用的是Toplink;

  4.3、这里只是测试,没有在中间容器中运行,也就是说,如果在容器外应用JPA,和在容器内应用JPA一样简单高效;

  4.4、持久化单元配置可以N多,并可针对不同数据库,就可对Oracle,也可对Mysql,只要简单配置、标准以下就可以了;

  4.5、附送我的两个持久化单元的配置信息(容器性应用JPA和非容器JPA应用):

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd">

 

  <persistence-unit name="NoJTAPU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

    <provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

 

    <properties>

 

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.driver" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.user" value = "test"/>

      <property name = "toplink.jdbc.password" value = "test"/>

    </properties>

  </persistence-unit>

 

  <persistence-unit name="excenterPU" transaction-type="JTA">

    <provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

    <jta-data-source>jdbc/excenter</jta-data-source>

    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

    <properties>

      <property name="toplink.ddl-generation" value="create-tables"/>

    </properties>

  </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

4.5、学习心得,或可为他人借鉴,也给自己留个记忆。
     

 

 

 

 

 

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