JavaScript如何获取HTML元素

依据id 标签属性值：document.getElementById();

<a id="first">a标签链接</a>
 	<script>
  		//通过id值获取当前文件中的元素
  		var element = document.getElementById("first");
  		console.log(element);
 	</script>
 	//<a id="first">a标签链接</a>为获得元素

依据class标签属性值：document.getElementsByClassName();

<p class = "yeah">123</p>
<p class = "yeah">456</p>
<p class = "yeah">789</p>
var element = document.getElementsByClassName("yeah");//这里的element是个数组
console.log(element[0]);
console.log(element[1]);
console.log(element[2]);
//获取到的是
//<p class = "yeah">123</p>
//<p class = "yeah">456</p>
//<p class = "yeah">789</p>

依据name标签属性：document.getElementsByName();

<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male"><label for="male">男</label> 
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female"><label for="female">女</label>
var element = document.getElementsByName("sex");
console.log(element[0]);
console.log(element[1]);
/*
*获得<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male"><label for="male">男</label> 
*<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female"><label for="female">女</label>
*/

依据标签名字：document.getElementsByTagName();

<a id="first">a标签链接</a>
 	<script>
  		//ByTagName即通过标签类型；即通过标签类型获取当前文件中的元素，因为可能不止一个，所以得到的为一个数组
  		var element = document.getElementsByTagName("a")[0];//此处只获取第一个
  		console.log(element);
  		//获得<a id="first">a标签链接</a>
 </script>