TEST语言编译器--语法分析

TEST语言编译器 目录

语法分析

语法分析程序的功能是：对词法分析的结果，根据语法规则，将一个个单词符号组成语言的各种语言类。分析时发现有不合语法规则的符号，要将错误符号和性质报告给程序员（错误检测）。

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TEST语言语法规则

详细规则参照原书附录 A.2

规则变动：
大部分语法规则和C语言相似，其中write语句定义为向变量输入值，read语句定义为读取表达式的值。
for语句正则文法改为< for_statement > -> for’(’< expression >;< expression >;< expression >’)’< statement >
添加语法：(更接近于C语言)
do while语句：< dowhile_statement > -> do < statement > while’(’< expression >’)’
switch语句：< switch_statement > - > switch’(’< expression >’)’ ‘{’ {case < expression >:< statement_list >} ‘}’
break语句：< break_statement > -> break;
continue语句：< continue_staement > -> continue;

语法分析程序设计

笔者通过分析word.josn文件（词法分析结果文件）的每个单词，严格依据语法规则，生成类似语法树的数据结构存储在parses.josn文件中。分系同时进行错误检测，抛出不符合语法规则的异常。

parse_analysis.py

import json
from myexception import MyException, error_path


@error_path
def parse_analysis():
    # 读取词法分析文件words.json
    with open('words.json', 'r') as f:
        words = json.load(f)

    # 词索引号
    global index
    index = 0

    # <program> -> '{' <declaration_list> <statement_list> '}'
    @error_path
    def program():
        global index
        if not words[index].get('type') == '{':
            raise MyException('程序缺失左括号！')
        index += 1

        dl = declaration_list()

        sl = statement_list()

        if not words[index].get('type') == '}':
            raise MyException('程序缺失右括号！')
        index += 1
        return {
   'type': 'program', 'declaration_list': dl, 'statement_list': sl}

    # <declaration_list> -> {<declaration>}
    @error_path
    def declaration_list():
        global index
        declarations = []
        while words[index].get('type') == 'int':
            d = declaration()
            declarations.append(d)
            index += 1

        return {
   'type': 'declaration_list', 'declarations': declarations}

    # <declaration> -> int ID;
    @error_path
    def declaration():
        global index
        index += 1
        if words[index].get('type') == 'ID':
            index += 1
            if words[index].get('type') == ';':
                return {
   'type': 'declaration', 'variable': words[index - 1].get('val')}
            else:
                raise MyException('缺失分号！')
        else:
            raise MyException('变量声明出错！')

    # <statement_list> -> {<statement>}
    @error_path
    def statement_list():
        global index
        statements = []
        while words[index].get('type') != '}' and words[index].get('type') != 'case':
            s = statement()
            statements.append(s)

        return {
   'type': 'statement_list', 'statements': statements}

    # <statement> -> <if_statement> | <while_statement> | <for_statement> | <read_statement> |
    #                <write_statement> | <expression_state> | <compound_statement> | <dowhile_statement> |
    #                <switch_statement> | <break_statement> | <continue_statement>
    @error_path
    def statement():
        global index
        statement_start = {
   'if': if_statement, 'while': while_statement, 'for': for_statement,
                           'read': read_statement, 'write': write_statement, 'expr': expression_statement,
                           '{': compound_statement