五种常见单例模式实现方式
1、饿汉式(线程安全、调用效率高、不可延时加载)
2、懒汉式(线程安全、调用效率不高、可延时加载)
3、双重检测锁式(由于JVM底层内部模型原因,偶尔会出问题,不建议用)
4、静态内部类式(线程安全、调用效率不高、可延时加载)
5、枚举单例(线程安全、调用效率高、不可延时加载)
饿汉式
public class SingletonDemo01 {
private static SingletonDemo01 instance = new SingletonDemo01();
//类初始化时立即加载
private SingletonDemo01(){
}
public static SingletonDemo01 getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
懒汉式
public class SingletonDemo02 {
private static SingletonDemo02 instance;
private SingletonDemo02(){
}
//方法同步,调用效率低
public static synchronized SingletonDemo02 getInstance(){
if (instance == null){
instance = new SingletonDemo02();
}
return instance;
}
}
静态内部类式
public class SingletonDemo03 {
//静态内部类调用时才加载
private static class SingletonClassInstance{
private static final SingletonDemo03 instance = new SingletonDemo03();
}
private SingletonDemo03(){
}
public static SingletonDemo03 getInstance(){
return SingletonClassInstance.instance;
}
}
枚举式
public enum SingletonDemo04 {
//枚举元素本身就是单例对象
INSTANCE;
//添加自己需要的操作
public void operation(){
}
}
当不需要延迟加载,单例对象占用资源少时:枚举式 好于 饿汉式
当需要延迟加载,单例对象占用资源多时: 静态内部类式 好于 懒汉式
反射、序列化反序列化产生的漏洞处理
import java.io.Serializable;
//懒汉式
public class SingletonDemo05 implements Serializable {
private static SingletonDemo05 instance;
private SingletonDemo05(){
//反射漏洞
if (instance!=null){
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
//方法同步,调用效率低
public static synchronized SingletonDemo05 getInstance(){
if (instance == null){
instance = new SingletonDemo05();
}
return instance;
}
//序列化、反序列化漏洞
private Object readResolve(){
return instance;
}
}
测试
利用CountDownLatch辅助类。
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class Client2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
int threadNum = 10;
CountDownLatch count = new CountDownLatch(threadNum);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int j = 0;j<threadNum;j++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
//Object o = SingletonDemo01.getInstance();
Object o = SingletonDemo04.INSTANCE;
}
count.countDown();
}
}).start();
}
count.await(); //阻塞直到count为0;
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(end-start);
}
}