（四）Lua语句

Lua支持一组几乎传统的语句,类似于C或Pascal。传统的报表包括任务,控制结构,和过程调用。Lua还支持一些不那么传统的语句,如多重赋值和局部变量声明。

4.1 赋值

Lua允许多重赋值：a, b = 10, 2*x
结果是a = 10，b = 2*x
x，y = y，x
结果是x和y交换值

4.2局部变量和块

在一个全局变量前面添加local就变成局部变量
local i = 1 – local variable

x = 10
local i = 1 -- local to the chunk
while i <= x do
local x = i*2 -- local to the while body
print(x) --> 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
i = i + 1
end
20 then
local x -- local to the "then" body
x = 20
print(x + 2) -- (would print 22 if test succeeded)
else
print(x) --> 10 (the global one)
end
print(x) --> 10 (the global one)

显式定义程序块：

do
local a2 = 2*a
local d = (b^2 - 4*a*c)^(1/2)
x1 = (-b + d)/a2
x2 = (-b - d)/a2
end -- scope of 'a2' and 'd' ends here
print(x1, x2)
print(d) -- nil

4.3控制结构

以end 结束的有 if, for and while 结构; 以until 结束的有 repeat
另外Lua不支持switch语句

if then else：

if a < 0 then a = 0 end
if a < b then return a else return b end
if line > MAXLINES then
showpage()
line = 0
end

while

local i = 1
while a[i] do
print(a[i])
i = i + 1
end

repeat

repeat
line = io.read()
until line ~= ""
print(line)

Numeric for

for var = exp1, exp2, exp3 do
<something>
end

generic for

for k, v in pairs(t) do print(k, v) end

4.4 break, return, and goto控制结构

break和return跳出一个程序块，一般是最后一句

goto用法：

c = 12
goto s1

::s1:: do
  if c == 13 then goto s2
  elseif c == nil then print'ok'; return
  else c = 13
  goto s1
  end
end
::s2:: do
  if c == 12 then goto s1
  elseif c == nil then print'not ok'; return
  else
    print("13right")
  end
end