HttpServletResponse 类 字符流、字节流、中文乱码 和 请求重定向

HttpServletResponse 类

 

1.HttpServletResponse 类的作用

  HttpServletResponse 类和 HttpServletRequest 类一样。每次请求进来，Tomcat 服务器都会创建一个 Response 对象传递给 Servlet 程序去使用。HttpServletRequest 表示请求过来的信息，HttpServletResponse 表示所有响应的信息， 我们如果需要设置返回给客户端的信息，都可以通过 HttpServletResponse 对象来进行设置
 

2.字符流 与 字节流

字节流  getOutputStream();  常用于下载（传递二进制数据）
字符流  getWriter();     常用于回传字符串（常用）
 
两个流同时只能使用一个。 使用了字节流，就不能再使用字符流，反之亦然，否则就会报错。

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ResponseIOServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter();
        response.getOutputStream();
    }
}

  本想测试下 getWriter() 与 getOutputStream() 方法的冲突，结果报错中出现 问号 ？乱码

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ResponseIOServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter();
        response.getOutputStream();
    }
}

  加上response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);后问号乱码消失

 

3. Servlet-response 解决中文响应乱码

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ResponseIOServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println( response.getCharacterEncoding() ); 输出服务器字符集

        //设置服务器字符集为UTF-8
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        //通过响应头,设置浏览器也使用UTF-8
        response.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //设置浏览器和服务器都使用UTF-8
        //此方法一定要在获取流对象之前调用才有效
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("hello!!!!!一二三四五六七八九十！！！");
    }
}

浏览器输出：

 

4.请求重定向

概念：

  请求重定向，是指客户端给服务器发送请求，然后服务器给客户端一个新的地址，让客户端访问这个新的地址。（之前的地址可能已经废弃）

创建两个servlet程序

Response1

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Response1 extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("------Response1------");

        //设置响应状态码码302，表示重定向
        response.setStatus(302);

        //设置响应头，说明新的地址在哪里
        response.setHeader("Location","http://localhost:8080/HTTPServlet/response2");
    }
}

方法二：

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Response1 extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
 		response.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/HTTPServlet/response2");
    }
}

Response2

package com.sammery.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Response2 extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("------Response2-----");
        response.getWriter().write("Response2's result !!");
    }
}

客户端浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/HTTPServlet/response1 跳转 http://localhost:8080/HTTPServlet/response2 结果：

请求重定向的特点：

1. 浏览器地址栏会发生变化
2. 浏览器发送两次请求
3. 不共享 Request 域中的数据
4. 不能访问 WEB-INF 目录下的资源
5. 可以访问工程外的资源