对OpenCV中的Mat类的初步认识

Mat

1. Mat对象的创建方法：

1. cv::Mat::Mat Constructor

   Mat M(2,2, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0,0,255));
   cout << "M = " << endl << " " << M << endl << endl;
   

2. 利用数组可以创建多维矩阵

   int sz[3] = {2,2,2};
   Mat L(3,sz, CV_8UC(1), Scalar::all(0));
   

3. cv::Mat::create function:

   M.create(4,4, CV_8UC(2));
   cout << "M = "<< endl << " "  << M << endl << endl;
   

4. 熟悉的MATLAB初始化方式

   Mat E = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);
   cout << "E = " << endl << " " << E << endl << endl;
   Mat O = Mat::ones(2, 2, CV_32F);
   cout << "O = " << endl << " " << O << endl << endl;
   Mat Z = Mat::zeros(3,3, CV_8UC1);
   cout << "Z = " << endl << " " << Z << endl << endl;
   

5. 采用 cv::Mat::clone() or cv::Mat::copyTo() 方法

   Mat RowClone = C.row(1).clone();
   cout << "RowClone = " << endl << " " << RowClone << endl << endl;
   

2. Mat一些特征概括

官方文档中，对于Mat的几点概括如下：
1. Output image allocation for OpenCV functions is automatic (unless specified otherwise).
2. You do not need to think about memory management with OpenCVs C++ interface.
3. The assignment operator and the copy constructor only copies the header.
4. The underlying matrix of an image may be copied using the cv::Mat::clone() and cv::Mat::copyTo() functions.

Mat的以下操作均为浅复制，A，B，C中每个Mat对象共享同一个矩阵数据，只是header不一样：

Mat A, C;                          // creates just the header parts
A = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR); // here we'll know the method used (allocate matrix)
Mat B(A);                                 // Use the copy constructor
C = A;                                    // Assignment operator

在实际应用中，也经常是多个Mat实例共用一个矩阵数据，或者矩阵数据中的某部分，如下面：

Mat D (A, Rect(10, 10, 100, 100) ); // using a rectangle
Mat E = A(Range::all(), Range(1,3)); // using row and column boundaries