分布式系统之Socket编程

demo参考

1.Introduction

Because of Increasing Demand for Internet Applications, Object-oriented Java technologies—Sockets, threads, RMI, clustering, Web services—have emerged as leading solutions for creating portable, efficient, and maintainable large and complex Internet applications.

2.Networking Basics

• Physical/Link Layer
  Functionalities for transmission of signals representing a stream of data from one computer to another

• Internet/Network Layer
  IP (Internet Protocols) – a packet of data to be addressed to a remote computer and delivered

• Transport Layer
  Functionalities for delivering data packets to a specific process on a remote computer.
  – TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented communication protocol that provides a reliable flow of data between two computers. like HTTP, FTP, Telnet.

  – UDP (User Datagram Protocol):
  UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless communication protocol that sends independent packets of data, called datagrams, from one computer to another with no guarantees about arrival or order of arrival. like Ping, Live streaming (event/sports broadcasting).

  – Programming Interface: Sockets

• Applications Layer
  Message exchange between standard or user applications:
  HTTP, FTP, Telnet, Skype,…

3.Understanding Ports and Sockets

3.1 Ports

The TCP and UDP protocols use ports to map incoming data to a particular process running on a computer.

• Port is represented by a positive (16-bit) integer value
• Some ports have been reserved to support common/well known services:
  – ftp 21/tcp
  – telnet 23/tcp
  – smtp 25/tcp
  – login 513/tcp
• User-level processes/services generally use port number value >= 1024

3.2 Sockets

concept

• Sockets provide an interface for programming networks at the transport layer
• Network communication using Sockets is very much similar to performing file I/O
  – In fact, socket handle is treated like file handle.