BZOJ 3093 [Fdu校赛2012] A Famous Game

Description

Mr. B and Mr. M like to play with balls. They have many balls colored in blue and red. Firstly, Mr. B randomly picks up N balls out of them and put them into a bag. Mr. M knows that there are N+1 possible situations in which the number of red balls is ranged from 0 to N, and we assume the possibilities of the N+1 situations are the same. But Mr. M does not know which situation occurs. Secondly, Mr. M picks up P balls out of the bag and examines them. There are Q red balls and P-Q blue balls. The question is: if he picks up one more ball out of the bag, what is the possibility that this ball is red?

Input

Each test case contains only one line with three integers N, P and Q (2 <= N <= 100,000, 0 <= P <= N-1, 0 <= Q <= P).

Output

 

For each test case, display a single line containing the case number and the possibility of the next ball Mr. M picks out is red. The number should be rounded to four decimal places.

Sample Input

3 0 0
4 2 1

Sample Output

Case 1: 0.5000
Case 2: 0.5000

HINT

[Explanation] 

For example as the sample test one, there are three balls in the bag. The possibilities of the four possible situations are all 0.25. If there are no red balls in the bag, the possibility of the next ball are red is 0. If there is one red ball in the bag, the possibility is 1/3. If there are two red balls, the possibility is 2/3. Finally if all balls are red, the possibility is 1. So the answer is 0*(1/4)+(1/3)*(1/4)+(2/3)*(1/4)+1*(1/4)=0.5.

Source

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概率论~

代码长度和证明过程长度严重不成比例……

证明过程见：https://oi.abcdabcd987.com/bzoj3093/，最后推出来的结果是(q+1)/(p+2)。

#include<cstdio>

int n,p,q,cnt;

int main()
{
	while(scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&p,&q)!=EOF) printf("Case %d: %.4lf\n",++cnt,(double)(q+1)/(p+2));
	return 0;
}