JavaWeb学习之Servlet

一、ServletContext的部分应用

1.1 ServletContext的应用举例（共享数据）

1. java代码

通过servletContext.setAttribute(“username”, “xxx”);共享数据

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("username", "xxx");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

通过String username = (String) servletContext.getAttribute(“username”);拿到共享的数据

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetArr extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;");

        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println(username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2. xml代码

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.seven.servlet01.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/set</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getget</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.seven.servlet01.GetArr</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getget</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getget</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.2 拿到初始化的一些数据

1. java的代码

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetArr extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println(url);
    }

2. xml的配置

<!--  初始化的一些数据-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybaits</param-value>
  </context-param>

1.3 路由转发（路径不变，返回的是被转发后的内容）

1. java代码

转发的java代码

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetArr extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        // 请求转发
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/seven");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);

    }
}

转发后进行响应的java代码逻辑

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class RequestDispatcherLx extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("我是被转发后的界面");
    }
}

3. xml配置

<!-- 请求的界面路由-->
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getget</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.seven.servlet01.GetArr</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getget</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getget</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
<!--  配置接收转发的界面-->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>com.seven.servlet01.RequestDispatcherLx</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/seven</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

1.4 读取静态资源

1. java代码

package com.seven.servlet01;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class GetResources extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        // 存一个输入流
        InputStream inputStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        // 加载这个输入流
        properties.load(inputStream);
		// 获取数据
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        // 控制台展示
        System.out.println(username+";"+password);
        // 界面展示
        resp.getWriter().println(username+","+password);
    }
}

2. xml和静态资源就不展示了，重复的操作。

上面的操作在后续的学习中都会有替代的方法
共享数据可以用session
初始化数据几乎不用
请求转发，可以通过request实现
读取静态文件可以用类加载或者反射

二、response的部分应用

2.1 JavaWeb实现下载文件

1. 需要文件的绝对地址以及文件名
2. 设置浏览器支持下载文件(需要文件名)：
   resp.setHeader(“Content-Disposition”, “attachment;filename=” +
   URLEncoder.encode(fileName,“UTF-8”));
3. 设置ContentType类型，自动判断下载文件类型
   resp.setContentType(“application/multipart/form-data”);
4. 获取文件输入流(需要文件绝对地址):
   FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
5. 创建一个缓冲区
   int len = 0;
   byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
6. 获取OutputStream对象
   ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
7. 将文件写入到缓冲区，通过ServletOutputStream 对象输出到客户端
   while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0) {
   outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
   }
8. 关闭流数据
   in.close();
   outputStream.close();
   java代码如下:

package com.seven.responseDome01;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class responseDome extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 获取想要下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "F:\\JavaWebServlet\\servletResponse\\target\\classes\\科比.jpg";
        System.out.println("文件路径为:"+ realPath);
        // 2. 获取下载的文件名
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        System.out.println("文件名为:" + fileName);
        // 3. 设置让浏览器能够支持（）下载我们需要的东西， 中文文件名需要进行编码（），否则可能会出现乱码。
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        // 设置ContentType类型， 这样可以自动判断下载文件的类型
        resp.setContentType("application/multipart/form-data");
        // 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        // 5. 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        // 6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        // 7. 奖FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区， 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0) {
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(buffer);
        // 8. 关闭流
        in.close();
        outputStream.close();

        resp.getWriter().println("正在下载");
    }
}

2.2 JavaWeb实现图形验证码

java代码示例(自行配置xml):

package com.seven.responseDome01;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class imageResponse extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 如何让浏览器3秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "0.2");

        // 在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(400,50,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        // 得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        // 设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,400,50);
        // 给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.darkGray);
        g.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeMess(),40,30);
        // 告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg;");
        // 网站存在缓存，设置不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires", -1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        // 把图片写给浏览器
        boolean write = ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    // 随机生成返回的字符串
    private String makeMess() {
        Random random = new Random();
        String [] messages = {"美丽", "端庄", "善良", "大方", "可爱", "漂亮", "乖巧", "十全十美", "憨不拉几的"};
        return  "用一个词形容xxx：" + messages[random.nextInt(9)];
    }
}

示例：

2.3 JavaWeb实现重定向

jsp代码:

开头带上 ： <%@ page contentType=“text/html;charset=UTF-8” language=“java” %>
避免中文乱码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="/login" method="get">
    用户名： <input type="text" name="username">
    密码： <input type="text" name="password">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

java代码：

重定向的代码： resp.sendRedirect("/success.jsp");

package com.seven.responseDome01;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Login extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        if(username.equals("123")&&password.equals("123")) {
            resp.sendRedirect("/success.jsp");
        }else {
            resp.sendRedirect("/err.jsp");
        }

    }
}

三、request的部分应用

3.1 获取前端传送的参数

1. java代码

获取一个元素：req.getParameter(“username”);
获取一个数组元素： req.getParameterValues(“hobbys”);
请求转发：req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);

package com.jzq.servletRequest;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class ServletRequest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 设置请求和响应的类型utf-8
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 获取账号密码
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        // 获取爱好
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));

        // 请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

2. jsp代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
            密码： <input type="password" name="password">

            爱好：
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="篮球"> 篮球
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="足球"> 足球
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="乒乓球"> 乒乓球
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="羽毛球"> 羽毛球

            <input type="submit">
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>