雪花算法单例双重检查工具类 + yml自定义配置序列机器号实现自动生成ID

 

创建工具类

SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils

@Component
//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "snow-flake")
//@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:/application.yml"}, encoding = "utf-8")
public class SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils {
    //因为二进制里第一个 bit 如果是 1，那么都是负数，但是我们生成的 id 都是正数，所以第一个 bit 统一都是 0。

    //机器ID  2进制5位  32位减掉1位 31个
    private long workerId;
    //机房ID 2进制5位  32位减掉1位 31个
    private long datacenterId;
    //代表一毫秒内生成的多个id的最新序号  12位 4096 -1 = 4095 个
    private long sequence;
    //设置一个时间初始值    2^41 - 1   差不多可以用69年
    private long twepoch = 1585644268888L;
    //5位的机器id
    private long workerIdBits = 5L;
    //5位的机房id
    private long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
    //每毫秒内产生的id数 2 的 12次方
    private long sequenceBits = 12L;
    // 这个是二进制运算，就是5 bit最多只能有31个数字，也就是说机器id最多只能是32以内
    private long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    // 这个是一个意思，就是5 bit最多只能有31个数字，机房id最多只能是32以内
    private long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);

    private long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    private long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    private long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
    private long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
    //记录产生时间毫秒数，判断是否是同1毫秒
    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
    private int count = 1;

    public long getWorkerId() {
        return workerId;
    }

    public long getDatacenterId() {
        return datacenterId;
    }

    public long getTimestamp() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    //public static SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils snowWork = new SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils(1,1,1);
    //用yml注入@value 静态变量赋值行不通
    public static long currentWorkerId;//当前机器
    public static long currentDatacenterId;//当前机房
    public static long currentSequence;//当前序列号
    public volatile static SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils snowWork = null;

    public static String getSnowId() {
        //单例，解决并发问题
        if (snowWork == null) {
            synchronized (SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils.class) {
                if (snowWork == null) {
                    snowWork = new SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils(currentWorkerId, currentDatacenterId, currentSequence);
                }
            }
        }
        Long nextId = snowWork.nextId();
        return nextId.toString();
    }

    public SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils() {
    }

    /***
     * 功能描述: 
     * 〈〉
     * @Param: [workerId:机器ID, datacenterId:机房ID, sequence：序列号]
     * @Return:
     * @Author: by
     * @Date: 2020/5/6 11:45
     */
    public SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils(long workerId, long datacenterId, long sequence) {
        // 检查机房id和机器id是否超过31 不能小于0
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
        }

        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
        this.sequence = sequence;
    }

    // 这个是核心方法，通过调用nextId()方法，让当前这台机器上的snowflake算法程序生成一个全局唯一的id
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        // 这儿就是获取当前时间戳，单位是毫秒
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {

            System.err.printf(
                    "clock is moving backwards. Rejecting requests until %d.", lastTimestamp);
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds",
                            lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }

        // 下面是说假设在同一个毫秒内，又发送了一个请求生成一个id
        // 这个时候就得把seqence序号给递增1，最多就是4096
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {

            // 这个意思是说一个毫秒内最多只能有4096个数字，无论你传递多少进来，
            //这个位运算保证始终就是在4096这个范围内，避免你自己传递个sequence超过了4096这个范围
            //4095：111111111111  ==  sequenceMask
            //4096：1000000000000
            //当sequence大于4095，与运算 1000000000000 & 111111111111 =0 0000 0000 0000 0000
            //即sequence =0
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            //System.out.println("同一毫秒:\t" + timestamp + ",生成ID数:\t" + count);
            count++;
            //当某一毫秒的时间，产生的id数 超过4095，系统会进入等待，直到下一毫秒，系统继续产生ID
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
                count = 1;
            }

        } else {
            sequence = 0;
            count = 1;
        }
        // 这儿记录一下最近一次生成id的时间戳，单位是毫秒
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        // 这儿就是最核心的二进制位运算操作，生成一个64bit的id
        // 先将当前时间戳左移，放到41 bit那儿；将机房id左移放到5 bit那儿；将机器id左移放到5 bit那儿；将序号放最后12 bit
        // 最后拼接起来成一个64 bit的二进制数字，转换成10进制就是个long型
        return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) |
                (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift) |
                (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
    }

    /**
     * 当某一毫秒的时间，产生的id数 超过4095，系统会进入等待，直到下一毫秒，系统继续产生ID
     *
     * @param lastTimestamp
     * @return
     */
    private long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {

        long timestamp = timeGen();

        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    //获取当前时间戳
    private long timeGen() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils worker = new SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils(1, 1, 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(worker.nextId());
        }
    }

    @Value("${snow-id.currentWorkerId}")
    public void setCurrentWorkerId(long currentWorkerId) {
        SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils.currentWorkerId = currentWorkerId;
    }
    @Value("${snow-id.currentDatacenterId}")
    public void setCurrentDatacenterId(long currentDatacenterId) {
        SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils.currentDatacenterId = currentDatacenterId;
    }
    @Value("${snow-id.currentSequence}")
    public void setCurrentSequence(long currentSequence) {
        SnowFlakeGenerateIDUtils.currentSequence = currentSequence;
    }
}

 

yml参数配置

snow-id:
  currentWorkerId: 1
  currentDatacenterId: 1
  currentSequence: 1