Merge k sorted List

问题来源: leetcode

问题描述

合并k条有序链表。

问题分析

实际上,我们只需要把这个问题简化为n次两条有序链表的合并,一切就会迎刃而解。真正困难的部分也就是链表归并的代码。两路有序链表归并的思路也不复杂,就是不断的将两条链表中小的元素取出(按照升序)组成一条新的链表。

解决代码

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
        if (lists.size() == 0) return NULL;
        while (lists.size() > 1) {
            lists.push_back(mergeList(*(lists.begin()), *((lists.begin()+1))));
            lists.erase(lists.begin());
            lists.erase(lists.begin());        
        }
        return lists[0];
    }
    ListNode* mergeList(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        ListNode* tmp = NULL, *tmph = NULL;
        while (l1 && l2) {
            if (l1->val < l2->val) {
                if (!tmp) tmph = tmp = l1;
                else {
                    tmp->next = l1;
                    tmp = tmp->next;
                }
                l1 = l1->next;
            } else {
                if (!tmp) tmph = tmp = l2;
                else {
                    tmp->next = l2;
                    tmp = tmp->next;
                }
                l2 = l2->next;
            }
        }
        if (tmp)
          tmp->next = l1 ? l1 : l2;
        else
          tmph = l1 ? l1 : l2;
        return tmph;
    }
};
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To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).
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