Android网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-17 09:00:00 发布

Shadows_L

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-17 09:00:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Shadows_L/article/details/103021856

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Android网络编程
一、基本协议
拥有Ip地址和端口号，用于准确处理一个网络数据包
拥有OSI七层模型的TCP/IP七层协议族

二、Http协议
应用层的面向对象的协议，支持c/s模式
三、Android的网络访问
需要网络安全配置
res/xml目录下

<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"/>
</network-security-config>

AndroidManifest.xml下

android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"

HttpURLConnection的通信，通过URL的openConnection方法获得对象

HttpURLConnection connection = null;//获得对象
InputStream is = null;//获得输入流

//将url字符串转为URL对象
            URL url = new URL(urlPath);

            //获得HttpURLConnection对象
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            //设置连接的相关参数
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");//默认为GET
            connection.setUseCaches(false);//不使用缓存
            connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);//设置连接超时时间
            connection.setReadTimeout(15000);//设置读取超时时间
            connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36\n");
            connection.setDoInput(true);//设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认true

HttpURLConnection访问HTTP资源一般步骤
①根据URL地址创建URL对象
②使用URL对象的openConnection( )方法获取Ht tpURLConnect ion对象
③设置连接的属性，包括GET/ POST请求方式
④输入、输出数据
⑤关闭输入、输出流
⑥在AndroidMani fest配置文件中设置访问INTERNET的权限

GET方式

    public static String post(String urlPath,List<NameValuePair> params){
        //处理请求参数
        if (params == null || params.size() == 0){
            return get(urlPath);
        }
        try {
            String body = getParamString(params);
            byte[] data = body.getBytes();
            //将url字符串转为URL对象
            URL url = new URL(urlPath);

            //获得HttpURLConnection对象
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            //设置连接的相关参数
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");//默认为POST
            connection.setUseCaches(false);//不使用缓存
            connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);//设置连接超时时间
            connection.setReadTimeout(15000);//设置读取超时时间
            connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36\n");
            connection.setDoInput(true);//设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认true
            connection.setDoOutput(true);

            //配置https的证书
            if ("https".equalsIgnoreCase(url.getProtocol())) {
                ((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setSSLSocketFactory(HttpsUtil.getSSLSocketFactory());
            }

            //设置请求头属性，写入参数
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(data.length));
            OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
            os.write(data);
            os.flush();

            //进行数据的读取，首先判断响应码是否为200
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                //获得输入流
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                //读取数据
                StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                String line;
                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                    response.append(line);
                }
                //关闭资源
                is.close();
                connection.disconnect();
                //返回结果
                return response.toString();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

post方式

public static String post(String urlPath,List<NameValuePair> params){
        //处理请求参数
        if (params == null || params.size() == 0){
            return get(urlPath);
        }
        try {
            String body = getParamString(params);
            byte[] data = body.getBytes();
            //将url字符串转为URL对象
            URL url = new URL(urlPath);

            //获得HttpURLConnection对象
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            //设置连接的相关参数
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");//默认为POST
            connection.setUseCaches(false);//不使用缓存
            connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);//设置连接超时时间
            connection.setReadTimeout(15000);//设置读取超时时间
            connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36\n");
            connection.setDoInput(true);//设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认true
            connection.setDoOutput(true);

            //配置https的证书
            if ("https".equalsIgnoreCase(url.getProtocol())) {
                ((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setSSLSocketFactory(HttpsUtil.getSSLSocketFactory());
            }

            //设置请求头属性，写入参数
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(data.length));
            OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
            os.write(data);
            os.flush();

            //进行数据的读取，首先判断响应码是否为200
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                //获得输入流
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                //读取数据
                StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                String line;
                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                    response.append(line);
                }
                //关闭资源
                is.close();
                connection.disconnect();
                //返回结果
                return response.toString();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

四、Android的网络框架
OkHttp
添加依赖: implementation com. squareup. okhttp3 :okhttp:4.2.1
添加权限: <uses-permission android : name= android. permission. INTERNET" />
基本用法

新建一个0kHttpClient对象
通过Request. Builder对象新建一个Request对象
通过Reques t对象构造Call对象，调用enqueue( )以异步的方式将call加入调度队列，等待request执行完成
通过Call对象的Callback对象返回执行结果

get方法

//构造Request
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 " +
                        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36")
                .addHeader("Accept","application/json")
                .get()
                .method("GET",null)
                .build();

get异步请求（ enqueue(new Callback() ）

//发送请求，并处理回调
        OkHttpClient client = HttpsUtil.handleSSLHandshakeByOkHttp();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
                Log.e("OKActivity",e.getMessage());
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()){
                    //获取响应主体的字符串
                    String json = response.body().string();
                    //使用FastJson库解析json字符串
                    final Ip ip = JSON.parseObject(json,Ip.class);
                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            //根据返回的code判断获取是否成功
                            if (ip.getCode() != 0){
                                ok.setText("未获得数据");
                            }else {
                                //解析数据
                                IpData data = ip.getData();
                                ok.setText(ip.getData().getIp() + "," + data);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
        });
    }

post方法
通过RequestBody 构建请求数据

    //将请求的参数组装成RequestBody
    private RequestBody setRequestBody(Map<String,String> params){
        FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
        for (String key : params.keySet()){
            builder.add(key,params.get(key));
        }
        return builder.build();
    }

private void post(String url,Map<String,String> params){
        RequestBody body = setRequestBody(params);
        //构造Request
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(body)
                .header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 " +
                        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36")
                .addHeader("Accept","application/json")
                .build();
        //发送请求，并处理回调
        OkHttpClient client = HttpsUtil.handleSSLHandshakeByOkHttp();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()){
                    //获取响应主体的字符串
                    String json = response.body().string();
                    //使用FastJson库解析json字符串
                    final Ip ip = JSON.parseObject(json,Ip.class);
                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            //根据返回的code判断获取是否成功
                            if (ip.getCode() != 0){
                                ok.setText("未获得数据");
                            }else {
                                //解析数据
                                IpData data = ip.getData();
                                ok.setText(ip.getData().getIp() + "," + data);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
        });
    }

上传文件

// 1. 创建请求主体RequestBody
        RequestBody fileBody = RequestBody.create(new File(fileName), MEDIA_TYPE_PNG);
        RequestBody body = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
                .addFormDataPart("title", "头像")
                .addFormDataPart("file", fileName, fileBody)
                .build();

        // 2. 创建请求
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .header("Authorization", "Client-ID 4ff8b2fc6d5f339")
                .header("User-Agent", "NetworkDemo")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        // 3. 创建OkHttpClient对象，发送请求，并处理回调
        OkHttpClient client = HttpsUtil.handleSSLHandshakeByOkHttp();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ok.setText(fileName + "上传失败");
                    }
                });
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull final Response response) throws IOException {
                final String str = response.body().string();
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ok.setText("上传成功，" + str);
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

下载文件

private void downFile(final String url, final String path) {
        // 1. 创建Requet对象
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
        // 2. 创建OkHttpClient对象，发送请求，并处理回调
        OkHttpClient client = HttpsUtil.handleSSLHandshakeByOkHttp();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    // 1. 获取下载文件的后缀名
                    String ext = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
                    // 2. 根据当前时间创建文件名，避免重名冲突
                    final String fileName = System.currentTimeMillis() + "." + ext;
                    // 3. 获取响应主体的字节流
                    InputStream is = response.body().byteStream();
                    // 4. 将文件写入path目录
                    writeFile(is, path, fileName);
                    // 5. 在界面给出提示信息
                    ok.post(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            ok.setText(fileName + "下载成功，存放在" + path);
                        }
                    });
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull final IOException e) {
                Log.d(TAG, e.getMessage());
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ok.setText("下载失败，" + e.getMessage());
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

Shadows_L

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Android网络编程

Android网络编程一、基本协议拥有Ip地址和端口号，用于准确处理一个网络数据包拥有OSI七层模型的TCP/IP七层协议族二、Http协议应用层的面向对象的协议，支持c/s模式三、Android的网络访问需要网络安全配置res/xml目录下<network-security-config> <base-config cleartextTrafficPe...
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