6.企业dns服务器搭建

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 05:35:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 05:35:27 发布

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###### dns服务器部署 ########

###### 1.关于dns的名词解释 ######

dns:
domain name service(域名解析服务)

#关于客户端:#
/etc/resolv.conf ##dns指向文件
nameserver 172.25.254.20

#测试：
host www.baidu.com ##地址解析命令
dig www.baidu.com ##地址详细解析信息命令

A记录 ##ip地址叫做域名的Address 记录
SOA ##授权起始主机
dns顶级
. 13
次级
.com .net .edu .org ....

baidu.com

#关于服务端#
bind       ##安装包
named       ##服务名称
/etc/named.conf   ##主配置文件
/var/named   ##数据目录
端口       ##53

关于报错信息：
1.no servers could be reached   ##服务无法访问（服务开启？火墙？网络？端口？）
2.服务启动失败           ##配置文件写错 journalctl -xe查询错误
3.dig 查询状态
NOERROR               ##表示查询成功
REFUSED               ##服务拒绝访问
SERVFAIL           ##查询记录失败,（dns服务器无法到达上级，拒绝缓存）
NXDOMAIN           ##此域名A记录在dns中不存在

###### 2.dns服务的安装与启用 ######

#安装#
dnf install bind.x86_64 -y

#启用#
systemctl enable --now named
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns
firewall-cmd --reload

vim /etc/named.conf
11         listen-on port 53 { any; };       ##在本地所有网络接口上开启53端口
19         allow-query     { any; };       ##允许查询A记录的客户端列表
34         dnssec-validation no;       ##禁用dns检测使dns能够缓存外部信息到本纪

systemctl restart named

###### 3.高速缓存dns ######

vim /etc/named.conf
20         forwarders { 114.114.114.114; };

###### 4.dns的正向解析 ######
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone

29 zone "westos.com" IN {        ##维护的域名
30      type master;        ##当前服务器位主dns
31      file "westos.com.zone";    ##域名A记录文件
32      allow-update { none; };    ##允许更新主机列表
33};


cd /var/named/
cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone
[root@westosbbbbbbbbbb named]# ll
-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  201 Aug  4 14:01 westos.org.zone
vim /var/named/westos.org.zone

$TTL 1D        #TIME-TO-LIVE(dns地址保存时间长度)
@       IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (    #SOA授权起始(Start of Authority)
                                        0       ; serial    #域名版本序列号
                                        1D      ; refresh    #刷新时间（辅助dns）
                                        1H      ; retry        #重试时间（辅助dns）
                                        1W      ; expire    #过期时间（辅助dns,查询失败过期停止对辅助域名的应答）
                                        3H )    ; minimum    #A记录最短有效期
                NS      dns.westos.com.
dns             A       192.168.0.20
www             CNAME   westos.a.westos.com.        ##规范域名
westos.a        A       192.168.0.111            ##正向解析记录
westos.a        A       192.168.0.112            
westos.com.     MX 1    192.168.0.20.            ##邮件解析记录

systemctl restart named

dig www.westos.com        #查询正向解析
dig -t mx westos.com        #邮件解析记录查询

###### 5.dns的反向解析 ######

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "192.168.0.ptr";
    allow-update { none; };
};

cd /var/named/
cp -p named.loopback 192.168.0.ptr

vim 192.168.0.ptr
$TTL 1D
@    IN SOA    dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (
                    0    ; serial
                    1D    ; refresh
                    1H    ; retry
                    1W    ; expire
                    3H )    ; minimum
    NS    dns.westos.com.
dns    A    192.168.0.20
11    PTR    www.westos.com.
12    PTR    bbs.westos.com.
13    PTR    news.westos.com.

systemctl restart named

测试：
dig -x 192.168.0.11

###### 6.dns的双向解析 ######

实验环境：
客户端2台
192.168.0网段
172.25.254网段 ##ifconfig ens160 172.25.254.30 netmask 255.255.255.0

服务端1台2个网段的ip
192.168.0.20
172.25.254.20 ##ifconfig ens160 172.25.254.20 netmask 255.255.255.0

在192.168.0网段的客户主机中
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.20

在172.25.254网段的客户主机中
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 172.25.254.20

配置方式：
cd /var/named/
cp -p westos.com.zone westos.com.inter
vim westos.com.inter
$TTL 1D
@    IN SOA    dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
                    0    ; serial
                    1D    ; refresh
                    1H    ; retry
                    1W    ; expire
                    3H )    ; minimum
        NS    dns.westos.com.
dns        A    172.25.254.20
www        CNAME    westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a    A    172.25.254.111
westos.a    A    172.25.254.112
westos.com.    MX 1    172.25.254.20.    #mail exchanger

cp -p /etc/named.rfc1912.zones  /etc/named.rfc1912.inters
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inters
zone "westos.com" IN {
    type master;
    file "westos.com.inter";
    allow-update { none; };
};

vim /etc/named.conf
#zone "." IN {
##       type hint;
##       file "named.ca";
##};
#
##include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
##include "/etc/named.root.key";


view localnet {
        match-clients { 192.168.0.0/24; };
        zone "." IN {
                type hint;
                file "named.ca";
        };
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
        include "/etc/named.root.key";
};

view internet {
        match-clients { any; };
        zone "." IN {
                type hint;
                file "named.ca";
        };
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.inters";
        include "/etc/named.root.key";
};
      
systemctl restart named

测试：
分别在2个网段的主机中作同样域名的地址解析
得到的A记录不同

###### 7.dns集群 ######

主dns：
zone "westos.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "westos.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
        also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };        ##主动通知的辅助dns主机
};

vim /var/named/westos.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
                                        2020031402      ; serial    ##每次修改A记录文件需要
                                        1D      ; refresh        ##变更此参数的值
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
                NS      dns.westos.com.
dns             A       192.168.0.20
www             CNAME   westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a        A       192.168.0.210
westos.a        A       192.168.0.211
westos.com.     MX 1    192.168.0.20.

slave dns：
dnf install bind -y
firewall-cmd --add-service=dns

vim /etc/named.conf
listen-on port 53 { any; };
allow-query     { any; };
dnssec-validation no;

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone
zone "westos.com" IN {
        type slave;            ##dns状态位辅助dns
        masters { 192.168.0.20; };    ##主dns
        file "slaves/westos.com.zone";    ##同步数据文件
};

systemctl restart named

###### 8.dns的更新 ######

dns基于ip地址的更新：
在dns中设定：

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "westos.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "westos.com.zone";
        allow-update { 192.168.0.10; };        ##允许指定客户端更新westos域
        also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};

测试：

在192.168.0.10
[root@rhel7_node1 ~]# nsupdate
> server 192.168.0.20
> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 192.168.0.111    ##新曾A记录
> send
> update delete hello.westos.com            ##删除A记录
> send

dns基于key更新的方式:

dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-SHA256 -b 128 -n HOST westos
cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/westos.key
vim /etc/westos.key
key "westos" {
    algorithm hmac-sha256;
    secret "SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==";
};

vim /etc/named.conf
43 include "/etc/wesots.key";
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "westos.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "westos.com.zone";
        allow-update { key westos; };
        also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};

systemctl restart named

[root@rhel7_node1 ~]# nsupdate -k /mnt/Kwestos.+163+26695.private
> server 192.168.0.20
> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 192.168.0.111
> send
> quit

###### 9.ddns（dhcp+dns） ######

dnf instsall dhcp-server -y
vim /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "westos.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.20;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
ddns-update-style interim;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.


# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.80;
  option routers 192.168.0.1;

}

key westos {
         algorithm hmac-sha256;
         secret SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==;
       };

zone westos.com. {
    primary 127.0.0.1;
    key westos;
}

dns的key更新

测试：

设定测试主机网络工作方式为dhcp
设定主机名称test.westos.com

重启网络

dig test.westos.com

可以得到正确解析