学习shell script

为了给我的LNMP写启动脚本，现在来跟鸟哥学习shell script

script执行方式

1. 直接执行（使用路径直接执行或使用bash/sh执行），会使用新的bash环境来执行脚本内的命令，其实实在子进程的bash内执行的，当子进程完成后，子进程的各项变量或操作将会结束不会传回到父进程中。
2. source执行，会在父进程中执行。

声明

#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

声明“#!/bin/bash”，当执行该程序时，能够加载bash的相关环境配置文件，并执行hash来是下面的命令能够执行。

用户输入名字 输出

read -p "first name:" firstname #等待输入
read -p "last name:" lastname
echo -e "full name: $firstname $lastname" #输出

按日期创建文件

read -p "input your filename:" fileuser
#检测是否输入文件名
filename=${fileuser:-"filename"} #fileuser为空则为“filename”

#利用date命令获取需要的文件名
#注意=$空格不能随便加
date1=$(date --date='2 days ago' +%Y%m%d)
date2=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y%m%d)
date3=$(date +%Y%m%d)
file1=${filename}${date1}
file2=${filename}${date2}
file3=${filename}${date3}

touch "$file1"
touch "$file2"
touch "$file3"

数值加减乘除

#echo $((运算内容)) 

test命令的测试功能

#test -z 判断字符串是否为空
test -z $filename && echo "you must input a filename" && exit 0

#test -e 判断文件是否存在，存在返回true ！返回反向状态
test ! -e $filename && echo "the filename '$filename' do not exist" && exit 0

#test -f 判断文件是否存在且为文件
test -f $filename && filetype="regular file"

#test -d 判断文件是否存在且为目录
test -d $filename && filetype="directory"

echo $filetype

判断符号[]

read -p "please input (Y/N): " yn
[ "$yn" == "Y" -o "$yn" == "y" ] && echo "OK" && exit 0
[ "$yn" == "N" -o "$yn" == "n" ] && echo "NO" && exit 0
echo "neither y/n"

默认变量

#sh test.sh a b c
echo "$0" #脚本名 test.sh
echo "$#" #参数个数 3
[ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "parameter is less than 2" && exit 0
echo "$@" #参数的全部内容 'a b c'
echo "$1" #第一个参数 a
echo "$2" #第二个参数 b

变量shift

echo "$#" #7
echo "$@" #a b c d e f g
shift #一个变量的shift
echo "$#" #6 
echo "$@" #b c d e f g 
shift 3 #3个变量的shift
echo "$#" #3
echo "$@" #e f g

if…

read -p "please input (Y/N): " yn
if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
    echo "OK"
    exit 0
fi
if [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
    echo "NO"
    exit 0
fi
echo "neither y/n"

if…elif…else

read -p "please input (Y/N): " yn
if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
    echo "OK"
    exit 0
elif [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
    echo "NO"
    exit 0
else
    echo "neither y/n"
fi

检测端口

testing = $ (netstat -tuln | grep ":80")
if [ "$testing" != ""]; then
    echo "WWW is running in your system."
fi

case

case $1 in
 "hello")
     echo "Hello"
     ;;
 "")
     echo "empty"
     ;;
 *)
     echo "Usage $0 {hello}"
     ;;
esac

case choice

#./sh07.sh one
case $1 in
 "one" )
    echo "your choice is ONE"
    ;;
 "two" )
    echo "your choice is TWO"
    ;;
 "three" )
    echo "your choice is THREE"
    ;;
 * )
    echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
    ;;
esac

function

function printit () {
    echo -n "Your choice is "  #-n不换行显示
}
case $1 in
 "one")
    printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' #小写 转 大写
    ;;
 "two" )
    printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
    ;;
 "three" )
    printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
    ;;
 * )
    echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
    ;;
esac

while do done

while [ "$yn" != "yes" -a "$yn" != "YES" ]
do
    read -p "please input yes/YES to stop this program" yn
done
echo "ok"

for

users=$(cut -d ':' -f1 /etc/passwd)
for username in $users
do
    id $username
done

网路检测

network="192.168.1"
for sitenu in $(seq 1 100)
do
    ping -c 1 -w ${network}.${sitenu} &> /dev/null && result=0 || result=1
    if [ "$result" == 0 ]; then
        echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is UP."
    else
        echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is DOWN."
    fi
done