12. Integer to Roman

题意：Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.
Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

分析：
数字对应罗马字符：

• I placed before V or X indicates one less, so four is IV (one less than five) and nine is IX (one less than ten)
• X placed before L or C indicates ten less, so forty is XL (ten less than fifty) and ninety is XC (ten less than a hundred)
• C placed before D or M indicates a hundred less, so four hundred is CD (a hundred less than five hundred) and nine hundred is CM (a hundred less than a thousand)

AC代码：

string intToRoman(int num){
    int base = 1;
    string ret_str;
    while(num / base){
        int digit = ( num / base ) % 10 * base;
        if(digit != 0){
            ret_str = num2Roman(digit, base) + ret_str; 
        }
        base *= 10;
    }
    return ret_str;
}

string base2Roman(int n){
    string ret_str;
    switch(n){
        case 1:
            ret_str = 'I';
            break;
        case 5:
            ret_str = 'V';
            break;
        case 10:
            ret_str = 'X';
            break;
        case 50:
            ret_str = 'L';
            break;
        case 100:
            ret_str = 'C';
            break;
        case 500:
            ret_str = 'D';
            break;
        case 1000:
            ret_str = 'M';
            break;
    }
    return ret_str;
}

string num2Roman(int n, int base){ //base = 1, 10, 100 
    int i = n / base;
    string ret_str;
    while(i > 0){
        if(i == 9){
            ret_str = base2Roman(base) + base2Roman(base * 10);
            i -= 9;
        }else if(i > 4){
            ret_str = base2Roman(base * 5);
            i -= 5;
        }else if(i == 4){
            ret_str = base2Roman(base) + base2Roman(base * 5);
            i -= 4;
        }else{
            ret_str += base2Roman(base);
            i --;
        }
    }
    return ret_str; 
}