原生AJAX请求
在演示AJAX请求时需要一个WEB服务器支持,这里选择Tomcat服务器。
新建Web项目,配置Tomcat环境,编写Servlet代码。
package org.westos.login;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author lwj
* @date 2020/7/28 15:45
*/
@WebServlet(value = "/login", name = "LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = parameterNames.nextElement();
String value = request.getParameter(key);
map.put(key,value);
}
// 设置允许跨域
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.getWriter().write(map.toString());
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet:value属性代表请求路径,name属性代表这个Servlet的名称。
在响应中添加响应头,Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*,代表允许跨域请求。
GET
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button id="btn">按钮</button>
<script>
var ele = document.getElementById('btn');
ele.onclick = function() {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 请求本地的web项目,但是也是跨域请求
xhr.open('get', 'http://127.0.0.1:8081/login?username=john&password=123456', true);
// GET请求,参数封装在url的后面
xhr.send();
// 接收服务端响应
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
console.log(xhr.response);
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
POST
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="POST">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<script>
document.getElementsByTagName('form')[0].onsubmit = function(e) {
// 阻止表单的默认提交行为
e.preventDefault();
var username = document.getElementsByTagName('input')[0].value;
var password = document.getElementsByTagName('input')[1].value;
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST','http://127.0.0.1:8081/login', true);
// 设置POST请求的请求头
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
let s = `username=${username}&password=${password}`;
// ES6中可以使用EL表达式和``来代替+拼接字符串
xhr.send(s);
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
console.log(xhr.response);
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
jQuery方式的AJAX请求
为了满足客户端需要的数据格式为"json",那么Tomcat服务器端需要返回一个"json"字符串。
新建一个Servlet,返回"json"格式的字符串。
package org.westos.login;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* @author lwj
* @date 2020/7/29 20:13
*/
@WebServlet(name = "RegisterServlet", value = "/register")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
// 为了给客户端返回JSON字符串,手动拼接一个固定的JSON字符串,而不是采用request的参数
String s = "{\"username\":\"johhn\",\"password\":\"zxcvbnm\"}";
response.getWriter().write(s);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
}
GET
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>按钮1</button>
<button>按钮2</button>
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.js"></script>
<script>
$('button').first().on('click', function () {
$.ajax({
method: "GET",
url: "http://127.0.0.1:8081/register",
data: {
username: 'Seven',
password: 'tsy'
},
success: function (resData) {
console.log("Hi");
console.log(resData);
},
error: function (error) {
console.log("Hello");
console.log(error);
},
dataType: 'json'
// 规定了服务器返回的数据格式
})
});
$('button').last().on('click', function () {
$.get({
url: "http://127.0.0.1:8081/register",
data: {
num: 1
},
success: function (res) {
console.log(res);
},
dataType: "json"
});
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
POST
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>按钮1</button>
<button>按钮2</button>
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.js"></script>
<script>
$('button:first').click(function(){
$.ajax({
method:"post",
url:"http://127.0.0.1:8081/register",
data:{
username:'Seven',
password:'tsy'
},
success:function(res){
console.log('Hi');
console.log(res);
},
error:function(error){
console.log('Hello');
console.log(error);
},
dataType:"json"
});
});
$('button:last').click(function(){
$.post({
url:'http://127.0.0.1:8081/register',
data:{
username:'Seven',
password:'tsy'
},
success:function(res){
console.log(res);
},
dataType:"json"
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>