6、Servlet入门、ServletConfig、GenericServlet、HttpServlet、表单的action属性与项目上下文路径

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-13 18:28:45 发布

ShawnYue_08

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-13 18:28:45 发布

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分类专栏： Java Web

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ShawnYue_08/article/details/108020394

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文章目录

Servlet

Servlet

HelloWorld

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/15 9:29
 */
public class MyServlet implements Servlet {
    private ServletConfig servletConfig;

    public MyServlet() {
        System.out.println("构造方法执行了");
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        //servletConfig 配置对象，是个接口，服务器创建子类对象传递给init方法
        System.out.println(servletConfig);
        //org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@51faaa70
        //用途：获取该Servlet的配置信息
        Enumeration<String> initNames = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
        while (initNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String s = initNames.nextElement();
            String initParameter = servletConfig.getInitParameter(s);
            System.out.println(s + ":" + initParameter);
            //name:John
        }
        String servletName = servletConfig.getServletName();
        System.out.println(servletName);
        //MyServlet
        ServletContext servletContext = servletConfig.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);
        //org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@6a4b14b7
        //ServletContext，全局上下文对象，代表你整个Web应用
        //ServletContext对象包含在ServletConfig中，ServletConfig对象在初始化Servlet时由Web容器提供给Servlet
        //该Servlet使用ServletContext接口中定义的方法与其Servlet容器进行通信

        //init()方法只调用一次,默认情况下第一次访问Servlet时，才会创建，执行初始化init
        System.out.println("init方法调用了");

        this.servletConfig = servletConfig;
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return servletConfig;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求到达，开始处理请求...");
        ServletConfig servletConfig = getServletConfig();
        servletResponse.getWriter().write("Hello Welcome.");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy方法调用过了,正常关闭服务器时，在销毁servlet之前执行destroy方法");
    }
}

配置Servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.westos.demo.MyServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--配置Servlet的初始化参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>name</param-name>
            <param-value>John</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <!--默认值-1，在第一次访问Servlet时调用-->
        <!--只需要给一个非负数，启动服务器就创建Servlet，该数越小，优先级越高，0最高，当多个Servlet的启动优先级别相等时，默认按顺序启动-->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/myServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

Servlet是单例多线程。

GenericServlet

Defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet。

定义一般的，与协议无关的Servlet。

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig, Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private transient ServletConfig config;

    public GenericServlet() {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public String getInitParameter(String name) {
        return this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
        return this.getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
    }

    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return this.config;
    }

    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }

    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }

    public void init() throws ServletException {
    }

    public void log(String message) {
        this.getServletContext().log(this.getServletName() + ": " + message);
    }

    public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
        this.getServletContext().log(this.getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
    }

    public abstract void service(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException;

    public String getServletName() {
        return this.config.getServletName();
    }
}

只保留service()作为抽象方法。

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/15 11:05
 */
public class MyGenericServlet extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletConfig servletConfig = getServletConfig();
    }
}

HttpServlet

在这里插入图片描述

public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
    HttpServletRequest request;
    HttpServletResponse response;
    try {
        request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
        response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
    } catch (ClassCastException var6) {
        throw new ServletException(lStrings.getString("http.non_http"));
    }

    this.service(request, response);
    //调用service
}

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    String method = req.getMethod();
    long lastModified;
    if (method.equals("GET")) {
        lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
        if (lastModified == -1L) {
            this.doGet(req, resp);
        } else {
            long ifModifiedSince;
            try {
                ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException var9) {
                ifModifiedSince = -1L;
            }

            if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) {
                this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                this.doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                resp.setStatus(304);
            }
        }
    } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
        lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
        this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
        this.doHead(req, resp);
    } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
        this.doPut(req, resp);
    } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
        this.doDelete(req, resp);
    } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
        this.doOptions(req, resp);
    } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
        this.doTrace(req, resp);
    } else {
        String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
        Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
        errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
        resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
    }

}

关键：doGet()和doPost()，所以我们只要重写doGet()和doPost()方法。

当请求到来执行service()方法时，会执行到我们重写的方法。多态访问成员方法：编译看左，运行看右。

在这里插入图片描述

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/15 11:10
 */
public class MyHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get请求来了");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post请求来了");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>MyHttpServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.westos.demo.MyHttpServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyHttpServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/httpServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

表单的action选项 ※

在发布项目时，当你配置了上下文路径，/20200815-servlet这种，那么在表单的action选项中就需要加上上下文路径，/20200815-servlet/httpServlet，以后会使用动态代码来拿上下文路径。

如果你的上下文路径是/，那么在表单的action选项中就不需要加上下文路径，只需要/httpServlet即可。

在这里插入图片描述

测试HttpServlet的Get请求和POST请求。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>login</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/httpServlet" method="get">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    <hr>
    <form action="/httpServlet" method="post">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

get请求来了
post请求来了

表单action选项是正确的。

项目目录结构：

在这里插入图片描述

ShawnYue_08

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6、Servlet入门、ServletConfig、GenericServlet、HttpServlet、表单的action属性与项目上下文路径

文章目录ServletHelloWorldGenericServletHttpServlet表单的action选项 ※ServletHelloWorldpackage org.westos.demo;import javax.servlet.*;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Enumeration;/** * @author lwj * @date 2020/8/15 9:29 */public class MyServle
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