8、Response对象、Request对象、请求转发与重定向、JavaWeb中的路径问题

Response

响应HTML、JSON

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 9:05
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet", value = "/myServlet")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Tomcat默认采用的编码是ISO-8859-1，与浏览器客户端解码不一致，所以在获取流之前设置Tomcat服务器字符打印输出流的编码
        /*response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");*/
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //可以用一行代码实现

        //普通的文本、HTML、JSON
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();

        writer.write("<h2>中文乱码</h2>");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 9:33
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet2", value = "/myServlet2")
public class MyServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");

        String s = "{\"username\":\"张三\",\"password\":\"123456\"}";
        response.getWriter().write(s);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

响应字节数据

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 9:54
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet3", value = "/myServlet3")
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //响应字节数据
        //图片在/WEB-INF/目录下
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/bb812.jpg");
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File(realPath));
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        //获取字节输出流
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            sos.write(bytes);
        }
        sos.close();
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

重定向

1、重定向到其它站点

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/15 16:01
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet", value = "/myServlet")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //Request对象和Response对象都是由服务器创建、管理和销毁
        System.out.println(request);
        //org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@3e98bbfb
        System.out.println(response);
        //org.apache.catalina.connector.ResponseFacade@3aa738f0

        //重定向
        //response.setStatus(302);
        //response.setHeader("location", "https://www.baidu.com");

        //以上两步可以简写为
        response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");
        //1、重定向到外部站点
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

2、重定向到本Web应用内其它资源

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/15 17:07
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet2", value = "/myServlet2")
public class MyServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
        //response.sendRedirect("/myServlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

3、特点：

两次请求、两次响应

地址栏会发生变化

可以跳转内部资源，也可以跳转外部资源。

在重定向时，/后面需要添加Web项目的上下文路径，在该项目中上下文路径为空，所以可以直接/index.jsp、/myServlet。

Request

获取请求行

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 11:18
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet", value = "/myServlet")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求行
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println("请求方式：" + method);
        //请求方式：GET

        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println("项目上下文路径：" + contextPath);
        //项目上下文路径：

        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println("统一资源标识符：" + requestURI);
        //统一资源标识符：/myServlet

        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println("统一资源定位符：" + requestURL);
        //统一资源定位符：http://localhost:8080/myServlet

        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println("请求的IP地址：" + remoteAddr);
        //请求的IP地址：0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println("请求参数：" + queryString);
        //请求参数：username=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89&password=123456&vercifyCode=Xc3e
        //GET请求参数在请求行，POST请求参数在请求体
        //浏览器会对中文URL进行编码
        String decode = URLDecoder.decode("%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89", "utf-8");
        System.out.println(decode);
        //张三

        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println("协议版本：" + protocol);
        //协议版本：HTTP/1.1
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

URI与URL

URI标记了一个网络资源，仅此而已； URL标记了一个WWW互联网资源（用地址标记），并给出了他的访问地址。(URI是Uniform Resource Identifier,表示是一个资源； URL是Uniform Resource Locator，表示是一个地址。

URL是URI的子集，所有的URL都是URI，但不是每个URI都是URL，还有可能是URN

获取请求体

POST请求的请求体

获取字符数据：getReader()

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 13:38
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet2", value = "/myServlet2")
public class MyServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
        //返回一个高效的字符流 我们通过一次读取一行的方法来获取请求参数数据，然后拆分字符串获取我们想要的数据
        String s = reader.readLine();
        //System.out.println(s);
        //username=zhangsan&password=123456
        String[] split = s.split("&");
        String[] split1 = split[0].split("=");
        System.out.println(split1[0] + "=" + split1[1]);
        //username=zhangsan
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

获取字节数据：getInputStream（上传文件）

通用获取请求参数

1、GET

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 14:02
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet3", value = "/myServlet3")
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        //张三
        //123456
    }
}

2、POST

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 14:02
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet3", value = "/myServlet3")
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        //??????
        //123456
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        //张三
        //123456
    }
}

通用处理方式：处理get post 请求提交中文数据乱码问题

tomcat 8.0 以上 GET请求 中文参数 不乱码 tomcat已经处理了 我们不用处理

post 请求特有的方式 处理中文乱码

request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 14:02
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet3", value = "/myServlet3")
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        //张三
        //123456
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        //张三
        //123456
    }
}

通用获取表单数据

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 14:46
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet4", value = "/myServlet4")
public class MyServlet4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        Set<String> strings = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String str : strings) {
            String[] strings1 = parameterMap.get(str);
            System.out.println(str + ":" + Arrays.toString(strings1));
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

请求转发

package org.westos.demo2;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 15:11
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ServletDemo", value = "/servletDemo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求到达ServletDemo...");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/servletDemo2").forward(request, response);
        System.out.println("请求回到ServletDemo.");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

package org.westos.demo2;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 15:11
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ServletDemo2", value = "/servletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求到达ServletDemo2...");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/servletDemo3").forward(request, response);
        System.out.println("请求回到ServletDemo2.");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

package org.westos.demo2;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 15:11
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ServletDemo3", value = "/servletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求到达ServletDemo3");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

特点：

1、一次请求、一次响应；

2、地址栏不发生变化；

3、只能转发到内部资源

请求转发与重定向的区别 ※

1、重定向是在浏览器的url上进行，所以不能重定向到WEB-INF目录下的文件；请求转发可以访问WEB-INF目录下的资源；

2、路径区别

重定向response.sendRedirect(“xxx”)是服务器向客户端发送一个请求头信息，由客户端再请求一次服务器。/指的Tomcat的根目录,写绝对路径应该写成"/当前Web程序根名称/资源名" 。如"/WebModule/login.jsp","/bbs/servlet/LoginServlet"
转发是在服务器内部进行的，写绝对路径/开头指的是当前的Web应用程序。绝对路径写法就是"/login.jsp"或"/servlet/LoginServlet"。

总结：在请求转发时，/代表当前Web应用，在重定向时，/后面需要添加Web项目的上下文路径。

路径的书写:
建议以/开头
请求转发：不需要加项目上下文路径

request.getRequestDispatcher("/myservlet2").forward(request, response);

页面上的路径和重定向：需要加上项目的上下文路径，

<img src="/MyServlet/mydemo4" id="img1"></img>
response.sendRedirect("")
<form action="" method="">

Request域对象

package org.westos.demo4;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 16:08
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyDemo", value = "/demo")
public class MyDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setAttribute("username", "张三");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo2").forward(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

package org.westos.demo4;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 16:09
 */
@WebServlet(name = "MyDemo2", value = "/demo2")
public class MyDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = (String) request.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        //张三
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

默认的欢迎页

当我们在IDEA启动Tomcat服务器，发布Web项目后，浏览器会自动打开某些页面。

在tomcat的conf目录的web.xml中默认配置了

<welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

所以，当我们有想要改动欢迎页面为home.html这样的需求时，可以修改Web项目的web.xml。

项目上下文路径

package org.westos.demo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lwj
 * @date 2020/8/18 16:15
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ServletDemo", value = "/demo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(request.getContextPath());
        //  /20200818_Servlet_war_exploded
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

当重定向时，参数需要项目上下文路径，大多数时候需要用request.getContextPath()动态获取，前面不要加/。