C#学习笔记——List

C# List 用法简单介绍

概述：

      C#的List容器和C++的list容器类似，也是一种链式的泛型存储结构，可以按需要动态地增加容量的 大小。

命名空间: System.Collections.Generic

SerializableAttribute：

public class List<T> : IList<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable, IList, ICollection, IReadOnlyList<T>, IReadOnlyCollection<T>  //T表示类型  

属性：

名字	描述
Capacity	Gets or sets the total number of elements the internal data structure can hold without resizing.
Count	Gets the number of elements contained in the List<>.
Item[Int32]	Gets or sets the element at the specified index.

常用方法：

声明：

构造函数	说明
List<>()	声明一个空的List对象
List<>(IEnumerable<>)	实例化一个新的List对象，该对象包含了从参数的那个容器中复制过来的元素
List<>(Int32)	实例化一个空的对象，该对象有指定的容量

这里以string类型作为示例

List<string> strs = new List<string>();//声明空对象
string[] plants = { "水星", "金星", "地球", "火星", "木星", "土星", "天王星", "海王星 " };
List<string> sunSystem = new List<string>(plants);//用其他容器来实例化一个List

添加元素：

方法	说明
Add(T)	在List的尾部增加一个对象
AddRange(IEnumerable<>)	将一个容器的元素增加至List的尾部
Insert(Int32, index)	在特定的位置插入一个元素

接前面的代码

strs.Add("first element");
strs.Add("second element");
strs.AddRange(plants);
strs.Insert(3, "new element");

遍历List中的元素：

      遍历List中的元素有两种方法，第一种是用foreach来遍历，第二种是循环遍历。

foreach(string str in sunSystem)
{
    Console.Write(str + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
for(int i = 0; i < plants.Length; i++)
{
    Console.Write(plants[i] + ' ');
}

删除元素：

方法	说明
Remove(T)	删除第一个出现的元素“T”
RemoveAll(Predicate<>)	删除所有符合断言条件的元素
RemoveAt(index)	删除指定下标的元素
RemoveRange(index, count)	删除从index开始的count个元素

排序：

排序直接用Sort()方法即可，默认为升序排序。其他的排序方法还有：

方法	说明
Sort(Comparison<>)	Sorts the elements in the entire List<> using the specified System.Comparison<>.
Sort(IComparer<>)	Sorts the elements in the entire List using the specified comparer.
Sort(Int32, Int32, IComparer<>)	Sorts the elements in a range of elements in List<> using the specified comparer.

另外还有两个反转函数，可合理利用：

方法	说明
Reverse()	Reverses the order of the elements in the entire List<>.
Reverse(Int32, Int32)	Reverses the order of the elements in the specified range.

查找：

方法	说明
Find(Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the first occurrence within the entire List<>.
FindAll(Predicate<>)	Retrieves all the elements that match the conditions defined by the specified predicate.
FindIndex(Int32, Int32, Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the range of elements in the List<> that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements.
FindIndex(Int32, Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the range of elements in the List<> that extends from the specified index to the last element.
FindIndex(Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire List<>.
FindLast(Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the last occurrence within the entire List<>.
FindLastIndex(Int32, Int32, Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the List that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index.
FindLastIndex(Int32, Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the range of elements in the List<> that extends from the first element to the specified index.
FindLastIndex(Predicate<>)	Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire List<>.

除此之外，还有三个BinarySearch（）方法，具体就不再列举了。

其他常用方法：

方法	说明
Clear()	清空所有元素
Contains(T)	判定一个元素是否在List中
Exists(Predicate<>)	判定list中是否有符合条件的元素
ToArray()	将list中的元素复制到一个数组
TrueForAll(Predicate<>)	判定是否所有元素都符合条件

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更多的关于List的方法可去Microsoft的文档中查找
Microsoft文档