服务器利用PXE网络安装系统—PXE服务器搭建

一、搭建 PXE 远程安装服务器

1.安装TFTP服务

yum -y install tftp-server xinetd

2.修改TFTP服务的配置文件并启动

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram   
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = no
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

启动tftp服务

systemctl start tftp
systemctl enable tftp
systemctl start xinetd
systemctl enable xinetd

3.安装DHCP服务,修改配置文件并启动

yum -y install dhcp

.修改DHCP配置文件并启动服务
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.bak
 
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
next-server 192.168.1.140;
filename "pxelinux.0";
 
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
 
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
 
log-facility local7;
 
subnet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 {
}
 
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.1.88 192.168.1.188;
  option routers 192.168.1.140;
}

修改完成文件后保存退出,启动dhcp服务
systemctl start dhcpd

4.准备 Linux 内核、初始化镜像文件

cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/	#复制 Linux系统的内核文件 到TFTP根目录下
cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制 初始化镜像文件（linux引导加载模块）到TFTP根目录下

5.准备 PXE 引导程序

yum -y install syslinux									#PXE引导程序由软件包 syslinux 提供
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/	#复制 PXE引导程序 到TFTP根目录下

6.安装FTP服务，准备CentOS 7 安装源

yum -y install vsftpd
mkdir /var/ftp/centos7
cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7/
systemctl start vsftpd

7. 配置启动菜单文件

默认的启动菜单文件在TFTP根目录的 pxelinux.cfg子目录下，文件名为default

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg  #需要在ftfpboot目录下创建pxelinux.cfg
 
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default  #在pxelinux.cfg目录下创建default并编辑配置文件
default auto
prompt 0
 
label auto
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.42.140/centos7 ks=ftp://192.168.42.140/ks.cfg
#图形安装（默认）引导入口
 
label linux text
kernel vmlinuz
append text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.42.140/centos7
#文本安装引导入口
 
label linux rescue
kernel vmlinuz
append rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.42.140/centos7
#救援模式引导入口

8.关闭防火墙，验证 PXE 网络安装

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0