复制、粘贴即可(注意类名一致)
IdWorker:
package org.example.text;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* <p>名称:IdWorker.java</p>
* <p>描述:分布式自增长ID</p>
* <pre>
* Twitter的 Snowflake JAVA实现方案
* </pre>
* 核心代码为其IdWorker这个类实现,其原理结构如下,我分别用一个0表示一位,用—分割开部分的作用:
* 1||0---0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 --- 00000 ---00000 ---000000000000
* 在上面的字符串中,第一位为未使用(实际上也可作为long的符号位),接下来的41位为毫秒级时间,
* 然后5位datacenter标识位,5位机器ID(并不算标识符,实际是为线程标识),
* 然后12位该毫秒内的当前毫秒内的计数,加起来刚好64位,为一个Long型。
* 这样的好处是,整体上按照时间自增排序,并且整个分布式系统内不会产生ID碰撞(由datacenter和机器ID作区分),
* 并且效率较高,经测试,snowflake每秒能够产生26万ID左右,完全满足需要。
* <p>
* 64位ID (42(毫秒)+5(机器ID)+5(业务编码)+12(重复累加))
*/
public class IdWorker {
// 时间起始标记点,作为基准,一般取系统的最近时间(一旦确定不能变动)
private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
// 机器标识位数
private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
// 数据中心标识位数
private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
// 机器ID最大值
private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
// 数据中心ID最大值
private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
// 毫秒内自增位
private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
// 机器ID偏左移12位
private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
// 数据中心ID左移17位
private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
// 时间毫秒左移22位
private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
/* 上次生产id时间戳 */
private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
// 0,并发控制
private static long sequence = 0L;
private static long workerId;
// 数据标识id部分
private static long datacenterId;
public IdWorker(){
this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);
this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);
}
/**
* @param workerId
* 工作机器ID
* @param datacenterId
* 序列号
*/
public IdWorker(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
}
if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
}
/**
* 获取下一个ID
*
* @return
*/
public static synchronized long nextId() {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
// 当前毫秒内,则+1
sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
if (sequence == 0) {
// 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
sequence = 0L;
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
// ID偏移组合生成最终的ID,并返回ID
long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)
| (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
| (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
int number = new Random().nextInt(99999 - 0 + 1) + 0;
return nextId + number;
}
// public static void main(String[] args) {
// for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// System.out.println(nextId());
// }
// }
private static long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
long timestamp = timeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
timestamp = timeGen();
}
return timestamp;
}
private static long timeGen() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/**
* <p>
* 获取 maxWorkerId
* </p>
*/
protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) {
StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer();
mpid.append(datacenterId);
String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
if (!name.isEmpty()) {
/*
* GET jvmPid
*/
mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);
}
/*
* MAC + PID 的 hashcode 获取16个低位
*/
return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1);
}
/**
* <p>
* 数据标识id部分
* </p>
*/
protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) {
long id = 0L;
try {
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);
if (network == null) {
id = 1L;
} else {
byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();
id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])
| (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;
id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage());
}
return id;
}
}
SnowFlakeUtil:
package org.example.text;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Random;
public class SnowFlakeUtil {
private static SnowFlakeUtil snowFlakeUtil;
static {
snowFlakeUtil = new SnowFlakeUtil();
}
// 初始时间戳(纪年),可用雪花算法服务上线时间戳的值
// 1650789964886:2022-04-24 16:45:59
private static final long INIT_EPOCH = 1650789964886L;
// 时间位取&
private static final long TIME_BIT = 0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000000L;
// 记录最后使用的毫秒时间戳,主要用于判断是否同一毫秒,以及用于服务器时钟回拨判断
private long lastTimeMillis = -1L;
// dataCenterId占用的位数
private static final long DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS = 5L;
// dataCenterId占用5个比特位,最大值31
// 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111
private static final long MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID = ~(-1L << DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS);
// dataCenterId
private long dataCenterId;
// workId占用的位数
private static final long WORKER_ID_BITS = 5L;
// workId占用5个比特位,最大值31
// 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111
private static final long MAX_WORKER_ID = ~(-1L << WORKER_ID_BITS);
// workId
private long workerId;
// 最后12位,代表每毫秒内可产生最大序列号,即 2^12 - 1 = 4095
private static final long SEQUENCE_BITS = 12L;
// 掩码(最低12位为1,高位都为0),主要用于与自增后的序列号进行位与,如果值为0,则代表自增后的序列号超过了4095
// 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111
private static final long SEQUENCE_MASK = ~(-1L << SEQUENCE_BITS);
// 同一毫秒内的最新序号,最大值可为 2^12 - 1 = 4095
private long sequence;
// workId位需要左移的位数 12
private static final long WORK_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS;
// dataCenterId位需要左移的位数 12+5
private static final long DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS;
// 时间戳需要左移的位数 12+5+5
private static final long TIMESTAMP_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS;
/**
* 无参构造
*/
public SnowFlakeUtil() {
this(1, 1);
}
/**
* 有参构造
* @param dataCenterId
* @param workerId
*/
public SnowFlakeUtil(long dataCenterId, long workerId) {
// 检查dataCenterId的合法值
if (dataCenterId < 0 || dataCenterId > MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
String.format("dataCenterId 值必须大于 0 并且小于 %d", MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID));
}
// 检查workId的合法值
if (workerId < 0 || workerId > MAX_WORKER_ID) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("workId 值必须大于 0 并且小于 %d", MAX_WORKER_ID));
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.dataCenterId = dataCenterId;
}
public static String getPrimaryId(){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(Long.toString(snowFlakeUtil.nextId()));
sb.append(snowFlakeUtil.getRandomString());
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 获取唯一ID
* @return
*/
public static Long getSnowFlakeId() {
return snowFlakeUtil.nextId();
}
public String getRandomString(){
Random random = new Random();
int randomNumber = random.nextInt(900000) + 100000; //生成6位数的随机数,例如:753489
return Integer.toString(randomNumber);
};
/**
* 通过雪花算法生成下一个id,注意这里使用synchronized同步
* @return 唯一id
*/
public synchronized long nextId() {
long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
// System.out.println(currentTimeMillis);
// 当前时间小于上一次生成id使用的时间,可能出现服务器时钟回拨问题
if (currentTimeMillis < lastTimeMillis) {
throw new RuntimeException(
String.format("可能出现服务器时钟回拨问题,请检查服务器时间。当前服务器时间戳:%d,上一次使用时间戳:%d", currentTimeMillis,
lastTimeMillis));
}
if (currentTimeMillis == lastTimeMillis) {
// 还是在同一毫秒内,则将序列号递增1,序列号最大值为4095
// 序列号的最大值是4095,使用掩码(最低12位为1,高位都为0)进行位与运行后如果值为0,则自增后的序列号超过了4095
// 那么就使用新的时间戳
sequence = (sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK;
if (sequence == 0) {
currentTimeMillis = getNextMillis(lastTimeMillis);
}
} else { // 不在同一毫秒内,则序列号重新从0开始,序列号最大值为4095
sequence = 0;
}
// 记录最后一次使用的毫秒时间戳
lastTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis;
// 核心算法,将不同部分的数值移动到指定的位置,然后进行或运行
// <<:左移运算符, 1 << 2 即将二进制的 1 扩大 2^2 倍
// |:位或运算符, 是把某两个数中, 只要其中一个的某一位为1, 则结果的该位就为1
// 优先级:<< > |
return
// 时间戳部分
((currentTimeMillis - INIT_EPOCH) << TIMESTAMP_SHIFT)
// 数据中心部分
| (dataCenterId << DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT)
// 机器表示部分
| (workerId << WORK_ID_SHIFT)
// 序列号部分
| sequence;
}
/**
* 获取指定时间戳的接下来的时间戳,也可以说是下一毫秒
* @param lastTimeMillis 指定毫秒时间戳
* @return 时间戳
*/
private long getNextMillis(long lastTimeMillis) {
long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (currentTimeMillis <= lastTimeMillis) {
currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
return currentTimeMillis;
}
/**
* 从ID中获取时间
* @param id 由此类生成的ID
* @return
*/
public static Date getTimeBySnowFlakeId(long id) {
return new Date(((TIME_BIT & id) >> 22) + INIT_EPOCH);
}
}
UuidUtil:
package org.example.text;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
public class UuidUtil {
/**根据日期获取24位随机数*/
public static String getUid() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append(getDateTimeNoGap());
int hashCode = UUID.randomUUID().toString().hashCode();
if (hashCode < 0) {
hashCode = -hashCode;
}
String str = String.format("%010d", hashCode);
stringBuilder.append(str);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* 日期时间生产源
*
* @param format
* @return
*/
public static String dateTime(String format) {
Date date = null;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = null;
try {
date = new Date();
sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
return sdf.format(date);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
} finally {
date = null;
sdf = null;
}
}
public static String getDateTimeNoGap() {
return dateTime("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
}
}
生成记录:
@Test
public void test1(){
String primaryId = SnowFlakeUtil.getPrimaryId();
Long snowFlakeId = SnowFlakeUtil.getSnowFlakeId();
long nextId = IdWorker.nextId();
String uid = UuidUtil.getUid();
System.out.println("primaryId:"+primaryId+"\n");
System.out.println("snowFlakeId:"+snowFlakeId+"\n");
System.out.println("nextId:"+nextId+"\n");
System.out.println("uid:"+uid+"\n");
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/ad8745a186fc4b8aabfaa55f84ac871a.png)