Python基础之字典

a = {‘name’:‘gaoqi’,‘age’:18,‘job’:‘play’}

一、创建

1.通过{}和dict()来创建

a = {“name”:“renyoutong”,“age”:24,“job”:“play”}
a
{‘name’: ‘renyoutong’, ‘age’: 24, ‘job’: ‘play’}

b = dict(name=“renyoutong”,age=24)
b
{‘name’: ‘renyoutong’, ‘age’: 24}

c=[(“name”,“renyoutong”),(“age”,18)]
c
[(‘name’, ‘renyoutong’), (‘age’, 18)]

2.通过zip()创建

k = [‘name’,‘age’,‘job’]
v = [‘renyoutong’,24,‘play’]
d = dict(zip(k,v))
d
{‘name’: ‘renyoutong’, ‘age’: 24, ‘job’: ‘play’}

3.通过fromkeys创建值为空的字典

e = dict.fromkeys([‘name’,‘age’,‘job’])
e
{‘name’: None, ‘age’: None, ‘job’: None}

二、字典元素的访问

1.通过键访问

a[‘name’]
‘renyoutong’

a[‘age’]
24

2.通过get() 访问

a.get(“name”)
‘renyoutong’

a.get(“hh”)
a.get(“hh”,“no”)
‘no’

3.列出所有键值对/键/值

a.items()
a.keys()
a.values()

4.键值对的个数

a.len()

5. 检测键是否在字典中

“name” in a

三、字典元素添加、修改、删除

有则覆盖，无则新增

a
{‘name’: ‘renyoutong’, ‘age’: 24, ‘job’: ‘play’}

a[“name”]=14
a
{‘name’: 14, ‘age’: 24, ‘job’: ‘play’}

a[“hehe”]=1
a
{‘name’: 14, ‘age’: 24, ‘job’: ‘play’, ‘hehe’: 1}

删除：
del(a[“hehe”])
b = a.pop(“name”)
a.clear()