Matplotlib入门

#折线图用来表示数据的变化

plt.plot(x,y)

#直方图用来统计连续性数据 无间隔

plt.hist(data数组,组数)

#条形图用来统计离散的数组 并且反映其变化 有间隔

plt.bar(x,y,width = 0.3)
plt.barh(y,x,height = 0.3)

#散点图用来xy轴之间的联系 趋势

 plt.scatter(x,y)

#导入pyplot
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
#限制大小和像素
plt.figure(figsize = (20,8),dpi = 80)

#数据集中对应的x坐标 是一个迭代对象
x = rnage(2,26,2)#共12个数据
#数据集中对应的y坐标 是一个迭代对象
y = [15,13,14.5,17,20,25,26,26,24,22,18,15]#共12个数据
#x和y组成了12个数据点

#绘制x轴的刻度 
plt.xticks( range(2,25,1) )
#plt.xticks(x)
#plt.xticks( [i/2 for i in range(2,49)] )

#绘制y轴的刻度
plt.yticks( range(min(y),max(y)+1 )

#传入x y 通过plot绘制折线图
plt.plot(x,y)

#保存
plt.savefig("./t1.png")

#展示图形
plt.show()

 

 

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random

#设置字体参数
font = {
    'family' : 'YouYuan',
    'weight' : 'bold',
    'size' : 12
}

#将字体参数应用到全局
plt.rc('font',**font)

#设置数据集的x y坐标
x = range(0,120)#共120个数(分钟)
y = [ random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120) ]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure( figsize = (20,8),dpi = 60 )

#设置刻度
#分别表示开始的位置和结束的位置(不包括)和步长
_x = x[::10]#表示每10分钟为1个刻度
_xtick_labels = ["现在是{}时{}分".format(i//60 + 10,i%60) for i in _x]
#刻度集合 刻度值 旋转程度
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels,rotation = -90)

#绘制图片
plt.plot(x,y)

#绘制网格 设置透明度
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)

#设置标签
plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(C)",labelpad = 20)#偏移
plt.tile("10点到12嗲每分钟的气温变化情况")

#展示图片
plt.show()

 

#coding = utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
font = {
    'family':'YouYuan'
    'weight':'bold'
    'size':12
}
plt.rc('font',**font)

#give the data
y_1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y_2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
x = range(11,31) 

#set the size of the graph
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#set the scale of axis x and axis y
_x = x
_xticks_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in _x]
plt.xticks(_x,_xticks_labels)#data from(data numbers) format
plt.yticks(range(0,7))

#draw the picture respectively
plt.plot(x,y_1,label = "自己",color = "orange",linestyle = ":")
plt.plot(x,y_2,label = "同桌",color = "cyan",linestyle = "--")

#set the grid and the tansparency
plt.grid(alpha = 0.3,color = "black",linestyle = "dotted")#color can be #00ff00

#put the position of the legend
plt.legend(loc="upper left")

#draw the picture
plt.show()

 

 

 

#coding = utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
font = {
    'family':'YouYuan',
    'weight':'bold',
    'size' :10
}
plt.rc("font",**font)

#give the data
x_3 = range(1,29)
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,19,21,22,23]#28 numbers
x_10 = range(51,82)
y_10=[26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,
13,6] #31 numbers

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#in order to put the seperate x together put the data to 2 sides
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)

#use scatter to draw the picture
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label = "March")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label = "Octomber")

#give the scale of axis x
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],rotation = 45)#every 3 days is one scale

#add the position of legend
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
#add the descreptive information
plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.ylabel("温度")
#add grid
plt.grid(alpha = 0.4)
#show the picture
plt.show()

 

 

 

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
font ={
    'family':'YouYuan',
    'weight':'bold',
    'size':10
}
plt.rc("font",**font)
#You can make it more tidy by adding \n to the same position
a = ["电影1\n111","电影2","电影3\n2","电影3\n34","电影5\n4","电影6\n4","电影6\n66667","电影8","电影9","电影1\n0","电影1\n1","电影1\n2","电影1\n3","电影1\n4","电影1\n5","电影1\n6","电影1\n7","电影1\n8"]
b = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,41.21,32.34,22.23,77.7,88.8,12,14,16,1,19,33]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15),dpi=80)

#draw the bar picture
#if You want to change the pisition of x and y just do the tips 1 and 2
plt.bar(a,b,width = 0.3)
#1. plt.barh(a,b,height = 0.3)

#fix the scale of x
_xtick_labels = [i for i in a]
plt.xticks(a,_xtick_labels,rotation = 60)
#2.plt.yticks(a,_xtick_labels,rotation = 60)

plt.show()

 

 

#coding = utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
font = {
    'family':'YouYuan',
    'weight':'bold',
    'size':10
}

#give the data axis x and y
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]

#set the size of the graphic
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#change the pos of the scale
x_14 = range(len(a))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]#clost to just right
x_16 = [i+bar_width for i in x_15]


#trans the data collections into 
plt.bar(x_14,b_14,width = bar_width,label="14日")#first one is scale
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width = bar_width,label="15日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width = bar_width,label="16日")

plt.legend(loc="upper left")

#give the scale parameters
plt.xticks(x_15,a)

plt.show()

 

 

 

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import random
font = {
    'family':'YouYuan',
    'weight':'bold',
    'size':1
}
random.seed(0)
a = [random.randint(70,154) for i in range(120)]
a.append(160)
a.append(60)

plt.figure(figsize = (20,80),dpi = 80)

#calculation 1.组数==极差/组距 2.组距==极差/组数
#1.
#fix the num_bins then calculate the distance
#tip: the (max(a)-min(a))/num_bins must == 0
num_bins=20
d = (max(a)-min(a))//num_bins
#draw the picture 
plt.hist(a,num_bins)#原始数组a和分组

#fix the scale of axis a
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))

plt.grid()
plt.show()

 

 

import random
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
font = {
    'family':'YouYuan',
    'weight':'bold',
    'size':1
}
random.seed(0)
a = [random.randint(70,154) for i in range(120)]
a.append(160)
a.append(60)
plt.figure(figsize = (20,80),dpi = 80)
#计算组数 组数==极差/组距  
#将hist中第2个参数的值写为plt.xticks中的值 然后组距可以随便调
#其实就是一个刻度就是一组 然后用d的值分出来所需要的组数
d = 5
plt.hist(a,range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))#原始数组a和分组
#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))#刚好包含max(a)
#画网格
plt.grid()
plt.show()

 

#coding=UTF-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
#这是统计过的所以用bar条形图 不连在一起
#没有统计过用hist直方图 连在一起
interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]
plt.bar(range(len(quantity)),quantity,width=1)#width为1可以让条形图连在一起
#设置x轴的刻度
_x = [i*0.5 for i in range(len(interval)+1)]# 分成了多少份 
_xtick_labels = interval+[150] #额外加上一个元素
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)
plt.grid(alpha = 0.4)
plt.show()