使用由字符串类型的数据库生成的 GUID。
GUID:Globally Unique Identifier,全球唯一标识符,也称作 UUID,是一个 128 位长的数字,用 16 进制表示。算法核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间和一个随机数生成 GUID。
Hibernate 维护主键时先查询数据库,获得一个 uuid 字符串,即主键值。该值唯一,缺点是长度大且支持的数据库有限,优点是跨数据库,但仍然需要访问数据库。
注意:长度因数据库有所不同。
- MySQL 中使用
SELECT UUID()
语句获得一个 36 位字符串(包含“-”的标准格式) - Oracle 中使用
SELECT RAWTOHEX(SYS_GUID()) FROM DUAL
语句获得一个 32 位字符串(不包含“-”)
特点:需要数据库支持查询 uuid,生成时需要查询数据库,效率没有 uuid 高,推荐使用 uuid。
使用 MySQL 演示:
1 使用 XML
1.1 持久化类定义:
package hibernate;
import java.util.Date;
public class Person {
private String id;
private String account;
private String name;
private Date birth;
public Person() {}
public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
this.account = account;
this.name = name;
this.birth = birth;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
this.account = account;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
}
注意:MySQL 生成的 GUID 是 36 位带“-”的标准 UUID 字符串,所以持久化类主键要定义为 String
类型,映射文件中也需保持一致。
1.2 定义映射:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="hibernate.Person" table="PERSON">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="guid" />
</id>
<property name="account" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="ACCOUNT" />
</property>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="NAME" />
</property>
<property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">
<column name="BIRTH" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
1.3 单元测试:
package hibernate;
import java.util.Date;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HibernateTest {
@Test
public void test() {
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
Person person1 = new Person("admin1", "Nick", date);
session.save(person1);
Person person2 = new Person("admin2", "King", date);
session.save(person2);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
单元测试通过,查询数据库新插入的数据:
2 使用注解(annotation)
使用注解定义持久化类:
package hibernate;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
@Entity
@Table
public class Person {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator = "assignedGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "assignedGenerator", strategy = "guid")
private String id;
private String account;
private String name;
private Date birth;
public Person() {}
public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
this.account = account;
this.name = name;
this.birth = birth;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
this.account = account;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
}
运行【1.3 单元测试】,测试结果相同。