7.5 Hibernate：内置生成器 – identity

由数据库自己生成标识符，映射的主键必须设置为自增长，要求数据库底层支持自增长字段类型。

适用于 Sybase，MySQL，MS SQL Server，DB2 和 Hypersonic SQL，不适用 Oracle 因其无自增字段类型。

返回的 ID 类型为 short，int 或 long。

如果使用 MySQL 数据库，则主键字段必须设置为 auto_increment 。

特点：只能用在支持自动增长的字段数据库中使用。

使用 MySQL 演示：

1 使用 XML

1.1 持久化类定义：

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

public class Person {

    private Integer id;

    private String account;

    private String name;

    private Date birth;

    public Person() {}

    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
        this.account = account;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccount() {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(String account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }

}

1.2 定义映射：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
  <class name="hibernate.Person" table="PERSON">
    <id name="id" type="int">
      <column name="ID" />
      <generator class="identity" />
    </id>
    <property name="account" type="java.lang.String">
      <column name="ACCOUNT" />
    </property>
    <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
      <column name="NAME" />
    </property>
    <property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">
      <column name="BIRTH" />
    </property>
  </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

1.3 单元测试：

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HibernateTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        Person person1 = new Person("admin1", "Nick", date);
        session.save(person1);
        Person person2 = new Person("admin2", "King", date);
        session.save(person2);
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }

}

单元测试通过，查询数据库，Hibernate 自动生成的表结构定义如下：

可见主键 ID 为自增列。数据库中新插入两条记录，主键从 1 开始，每次递增 1 。

2 使用注解（annotation）
使用注解定义持久化类：

package hibernate;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table
public class Person {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "assignedGenerator")
    @GenericGenerator(name = "assignedGenerator", strategy = "identity")
    private Integer id;

    private String account;

    private String name;

    private Date birth;

    public Person() {}

    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {
        this.account = account;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccount() {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(String account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }

}

运行【1.3 单元测试】，测试结果相同。