yum源
yum是redhat和centos的软件包管理工具,安装软件包时可以在网上远程仓库或者本地自动下载所有依赖包
对于yum仓库来说,有三种搭建方式,分别是本地yum仓库的搭建、网络yum源的搭建和自建yum源仓库。对于没有外网的用户来说,本地yum仓库的搭建是一种非常不错的选择,因为几乎在所有的linux安装包中都有一套yum仓库,我们只需要简单配置就能直接使用。
源的配置文件均位于/etc/yum.repos.d
目录
centos7 下完整镜像自带的yum源如下图
常用yum 命令:
yum repolist
: 列出所有启用的源
yum repolist disabled
: 列出所有禁用的源
centos
CentOS开头的几个文件就是支持centos的yum源文件
我们通常修改CentOS-Base.repo
来加速yum源
因为某些原因(大家都知道),通过国外镜像站下载软件的速度真是让人感动的流鼻涕
CentOS-Base.repo
的原始文件如下:
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- 原文件改名,用于恢复 == 建议一定要执行,用于yum文件修改后无法访问yum源的情况 ==
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
- 获取国内镜像站
CentOS-Base.repo
阿里云
#CentOS7:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
已更新为:
#CentOS7:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
163
#CentOS7:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
- 重新加载yum源
清除yum缓存
yum clean all
生成yum缓存
yum makecache
当然也可以手动修改CentOS-Base.repo
来改变yum源
epel
EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)是由 Fedora 社区打造,为 RHEL 及衍生发行版如 CentOS等提供高质量软件包的项目,其为EL6或EL7提供重建的Fedora组件,并且不会替换base中的包。装上了 EPEL就可以通过 yum install 软件包名
,来安装很多以前需要编译安装的软件、常用的软件或一些比较流行的软件,比如现在流行的nginx
、htop
、ncdu
等等
直接通过命令安装epel:
yum -y install epel-release
阿里云源获取epel源的最新仓库文件
epel(RHEL 7)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
epel(RHEL 6)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
epel(RHEL 5)
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-5.repo